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Read Surah Ash-Shu’ara in Arabic and English

سورة الشعراء

Surah 26227 versesMeccan

The complete Arabic text of Surah Ash-Shu’ara: its 227 verses in vowelled Uthmani script, with the English translation under each verse. Enlarge the text with A+, show the transliteration or word by word, and start the recitation: each verse lights up as it is recited.

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

طسٓمٓ ۝١

1. Ṭā, Seen, Meem.1043

Notes

[1043] See footnote to 2:1.

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تِلْكَ ءَايَٰتُ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ ٱلْمُبِينِ ۝٢

2. These are the verses of the clear Book.

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لَعَلَّكَ بَٰخِعٌ نَّفْسَكَ أَلَّا يَكُونُوا۟ مُؤْمِنِينَ ۝٣

3. Perhaps, [O Muḥammad], you would kill yourself with grief that they will not be believers.

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إِن نَّشَأْ نُنَزِّلْ عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ ءَايَةً فَظَلَّتْ أَعْنَٰقُهُمْ لَهَا خَٰضِعِينَ ۝٤

4. If We willed, We could send down to them from the sky a sign for which their necks would remain humbled.1044

Notes

[1044] i.e., they would be compelled to believe.

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وَمَا يَأْتِيهِم مِّن ذِكْرٍ مِّنَ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ مُحْدَثٍ إِلَّا كَانُوا۟ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضِينَ ۝٥

5. And no mention [i.e., revelation] comes to them anew from the Most Merciful except that they turn away from it.

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فَقَدْ كَذَّبُوا۟ فَسَيَأْتِيهِمْ أَنۢبَٰٓؤُا۟ مَا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ ۝٦

6. For they have already denied, but there will come to them the news of that which they used to ridicule.

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أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا۟ إِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ كَمْ أَنۢبَتْنَا فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ ۝٧

7. Did they not look at the earth - how much We have produced therein from every noble kind?

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إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝٨

8. Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers.

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وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ۝٩

9. And indeed, your Lord - He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.

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وَإِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبُّكَ مُوسَىٰٓ أَنِ ٱئْتِ ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ۝١٠

10. And [mention] when your Lord called Moses, [saying], "Go to the wrongdoing people -

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قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَلَا يَتَّقُونَ ۝١١

11. The people of Pharaoh. Will they not fear Allāh?"

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قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّىٓ أَخَافُ أَن يُكَذِّبُونِ ۝١٢

12. He said, "My Lord, indeed I fear that they will deny me

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وَيَضِيقُ صَدْرِى وَلَا يَنطَلِقُ لِسَانِى فَأَرْسِلْ إِلَىٰ هَٰرُونَ ۝١٣

13. And that my breast will tighten and my tongue will not be fluent, so send for Aaron.

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وَلَهُمْ عَلَىَّ ذَنۢبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَن يَقْتُلُونِ ۝١٤

14. And they have upon me a [claim due to] sin, so I fear that they will kill me."

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قَالَ كَلَّا فَٱذْهَبَا بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ إِنَّا مَعَكُم مُّسْتَمِعُونَ ۝١٥

15. [Allāh] said, "No. Go both of you with Our signs; indeed, We are with you, listening.

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فَأْتِيَا فِرْعَوْنَ فَقُولَآ إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٦

16. Go to Pharaoh and say, 'We are the messengers1045 of the Lord of the worlds,

Notes

[1045] The singular form in Arabic indicates that both were sent with a single message.

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أَنْ أَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ ۝١٧

17. [Commanded to say], "Send with us the Children of Israel."'"

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قَالَ أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيدًا وَلَبِثْتَ فِينَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ ۝١٨

18. [Pharaoh] said, "Did we not raise you among us as a child, and you remained among us for years of your life?

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وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ ٱلَّتِى فَعَلْتَ وَأَنتَ مِنَ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ ۝١٩

19. And [then] you did your deed which you did,1046 and you were of the ungrateful."

Notes

[1046] i.e., striking the Copt, who died as a result.

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قَالَ فَعَلْتُهَآ إِذًا وَأَنَا۠ مِنَ ٱلضَّآلِّينَ ۝٢٠

20. [Moses] said, "I did it, then, while I was of those astray [i.e., ignorant].

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فَفَرَرْتُ مِنكُمْ لَمَّا خِفْتُكُمْ فَوَهَبَ لِى رَبِّى حُكْمًا وَجَعَلَنِى مِنَ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ ۝٢١

21. So I fled from you when I feared you. Then my Lord granted me judgement [i.e., wisdom and prophethood] and appointed me [as one] of the messengers.

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وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَىَّ أَنْ عَبَّدتَّ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ ۝٢٢

22. And is this a favor of which you remind me - that you have enslaved the Children of Israel?"

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قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ وَمَا رَبُّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٢٣

23. Said Pharaoh, "And what is the Lord of the worlds?"

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قَالَ رَبُّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَآ إِن كُنتُم مُّوقِنِينَ ۝٢٤

24. [Moses] said, "The Lord of the heavens and earth and that between them, if you should be convinced."

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قَالَ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُۥٓ أَلَا تَسْتَمِعُونَ ۝٢٥

25. [Pharaoh] said to those around him, "Do you not hear?"

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قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ وَرَبُّ ءَابَآئِكُمُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ ۝٢٦

26. [Moses] said, "Your Lord and the Lord of your first forefathers."

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قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَكُمُ ٱلَّذِىٓ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ لَمَجْنُونٌ ۝٢٧

27. [Pharaoh] said,1047 "Indeed, your 'messenger' who has been sent to you is mad."

Notes

[1047] Angrily addressing those present.

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قَالَ رَبُّ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ وَٱلْمَغْرِبِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَآ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ ۝٢٨

28. [Moses] said, "Lord of the east and the west and that between them, if you were to reason."

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قَالَ لَئِنِ ٱتَّخَذْتَ إِلَٰهًا غَيْرِى لَأَجْعَلَنَّكَ مِنَ ٱلْمَسْجُونِينَ ۝٢٩

29. [Pharaoh] said, "If you take a god other than me, I will surely place you among those imprisoned."

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قَالَ أَوَلَوْ جِئْتُكَ بِشَىْءٍ مُّبِينٍ ۝٣٠

30. [Moses] said, "Even if I brought you something [i.e., proof] manifest?"

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قَالَ فَأْتِ بِهِۦٓ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ ۝٣١

31. [Pharaoh] said, "Then bring it, if you should be of the truthful."

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فَأَلْقَىٰ عَصَاهُ فَإِذَا هِىَ ثُعْبَانٌ مُّبِينٌ ۝٣٢

32. So [Moses] threw his staff, and suddenly it was a serpent manifest.1048

Notes

[1048] i.e., clearly genuine.

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وَنَزَعَ يَدَهُۥ فَإِذَا هِىَ بَيْضَآءُ لِلنَّٰظِرِينَ ۝٣٣

33. And he drew out his hand; thereupon it was white for the observers.

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قَالَ لِلْمَلَإِ حَوْلَهُۥٓ إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَسَٰحِرٌ عَلِيمٌ ۝٣٤

34. [Pharaoh] said to the eminent ones around him, "Indeed, this is a learned magician.

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يُرِيدُ أَن يُخْرِجَكُم مِّنْ أَرْضِكُم بِسِحْرِهِۦ فَمَاذَا تَأْمُرُونَ ۝٣٥

35. He wants to drive you out of your land by his magic, so what do you advise?"

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قَالُوٓا۟ أَرْجِهْ وَأَخَاهُ وَٱبْعَثْ فِى ٱلْمَدَآئِنِ حَٰشِرِينَ ۝٣٦

36. They said, "Postpone [the matter of] him and his brother and send among the cities gatherers

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يَأْتُوكَ بِكُلِّ سَحَّارٍ عَلِيمٍ ۝٣٧

37. Who will bring you every learned, skilled magician."

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فَجُمِعَ ٱلسَّحَرَةُ لِمِيقَٰتِ يَوْمٍ مَّعْلُومٍ ۝٣٨

38. So the magicians were assembled for the appointment of a well-known day.1049

Notes

[1049] i.e., the morning of the day of festival. See 20:58-59.

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وَقِيلَ لِلنَّاسِ هَلْ أَنتُم مُّجْتَمِعُونَ ۝٣٩

39. And it was said to the people, "Will you congregate

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لَعَلَّنَا نَتَّبِعُ ٱلسَّحَرَةَ إِن كَانُوا۟ هُمُ ٱلْغَٰلِبِينَ ۝٤٠

40. That we might follow the magicians if they are the predominant?"

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فَلَمَّا جَآءَ ٱلسَّحَرَةُ قَالُوا۟ لِفِرْعَوْنَ أَئِنَّ لَنَا لَأَجْرًا إِن كُنَّا نَحْنُ ٱلْغَٰلِبِينَ ۝٤١

41. And when the magicians arrived, they said to Pharaoh, "Is there indeed for us a reward if we are the predominant?"

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قَالَ نَعَمْ وَإِنَّكُمْ إِذًا لَّمِنَ ٱلْمُقَرَّبِينَ ۝٤٢

42. He said, "Yes, and indeed, you will then be of those near [to me]."

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قَالَ لَهُم مُّوسَىٰٓ أَلْقُوا۟ مَآ أَنتُم مُّلْقُونَ ۝٤٣

43. Moses said to them, "Throw whatever you will throw."

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فَأَلْقَوْا۟ حِبَالَهُمْ وَعِصِيَّهُمْ وَقَالُوا۟ بِعِزَّةِ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّا لَنَحْنُ ٱلْغَٰلِبُونَ ۝٤٤

44. So they threw their ropes and their staffs and said, "By the might of Pharaoh, indeed it is we who are predominant."

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فَأَلْقَىٰ مُوسَىٰ عَصَاهُ فَإِذَا هِىَ تَلْقَفُ مَا يَأْفِكُونَ ۝٤٥

45. Then Moses threw his staff, and at once it devoured what they falsified.

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فَأُلْقِىَ ٱلسَّحَرَةُ سَٰجِدِينَ ۝٤٦

46. So the magicians fell down in prostration [to Allāh].

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قَالُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِرَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٤٧

47. They said, "We have believed in the Lord of the worlds,

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رَبِّ مُوسَىٰ وَهَٰرُونَ ۝٤٨

48. The Lord of Moses and Aaron."

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قَالَ ءَامَنتُمْ لَهُۥ قَبْلَ أَنْ ءَاذَنَ لَكُمْ إِنَّهُۥ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَكُمُ ٱلسِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ لَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُم مِّنْ خِلَٰفٍ وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ ۝٤٩

49. [Pharaoh] said, "You believed him [i.e., Moses] before I gave you permission. Indeed, he is your leader who has taught you magic, but you are going to know. I will surely cut off your hands and your feet on opposite sides, and I will surely crucify you all."

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قَالُوا۟ لَا ضَيْرَ إِنَّآ إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا مُنقَلِبُونَ ۝٥٠

50. They said, "No harm. Indeed, to our Lord we will return.

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إِنَّا نَطْمَعُ أَن يَغْفِرَ لَنَا رَبُّنَا خَطَٰيَٰنَآ أَن كُنَّآ أَوَّلَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝٥١

51. Indeed, we aspire that our Lord will forgive us our sins because we were the first of the believers."

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وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰٓ أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِىٓ إِنَّكُم مُّتَّبَعُونَ ۝٥٢

52. And We inspired to Moses, "Travel by night with My servants; indeed, you will be pursued."

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فَأَرْسَلَ فِرْعَوْنُ فِى ٱلْمَدَآئِنِ حَٰشِرِينَ ۝٥٣

53. Then Pharaoh sent among the cities gatherers1050

Notes

[1050] Recruiters of an army to prevent the emigration of the Children of Israel.

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إِنَّ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ ۝٥٤

54. [And said], "Indeed, those are but a small band,

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وَإِنَّهُمْ لَنَا لَغَآئِظُونَ ۝٥٥

55. And indeed, they are enraging us,

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وَإِنَّا لَجَمِيعٌ حَٰذِرُونَ ۝٥٦

56. And indeed, we are a cautious society..."

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فَأَخْرَجْنَٰهُم مِّن جَنَّٰتٍ وَعُيُونٍ ۝٥٧

57. So We removed them from gardens and springs

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وَكُنُوزٍ وَمَقَامٍ كَرِيمٍ ۝٥٨

58. And treasures and honorable station1051 -

Notes

[1051] Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) caused them to abandon their wealth and property in pursuit of the Israelites.

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كَذَٰلِكَ وَأَوْرَثْنَٰهَا بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ ۝٥٩

59. Thus. And We caused to inherit it the Children of Israel.

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فَأَتْبَعُوهُم مُّشْرِقِينَ ۝٦٠

60. So they pursued them at sunrise.

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فَلَمَّا تَرَٰٓءَا ٱلْجَمْعَانِ قَالَ أَصْحَٰبُ مُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّا لَمُدْرَكُونَ ۝٦١

61. And when the two companies saw one another, the companions of Moses said, "Indeed, we are to be overtaken!"

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قَالَ كَلَّآ إِنَّ مَعِىَ رَبِّى سَيَهْدِينِ ۝٦٢

62. [Moses] said, "No! Indeed, with me is my Lord; He will guide me."

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فَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰٓ أَنِ ٱضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ ٱلْبَحْرَ فَٱنفَلَقَ فَكَانَ كُلُّ فِرْقٍ كَٱلطَّوْدِ ٱلْعَظِيمِ ۝٦٣

63. Then We inspired to Moses, "Strike with your staff the sea," and it parted, and each portion was like a great towering mountain.

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وَأَزْلَفْنَا ثَمَّ ٱلْـَٔاخَرِينَ ۝٦٤

64. And We advanced thereto the others [i.e., the pursuers].

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وَأَنجَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ وَمَن مَّعَهُۥٓ أَجْمَعِينَ ۝٦٥

65. And We saved Moses and those with him, all together.

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ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا ٱلْـَٔاخَرِينَ ۝٦٦

66. Then We drowned the others.

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إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝٦٧

67. Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers.

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وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ۝٦٨

68. And indeed, your Lord - He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.

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وَٱتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ ۝٦٩

69. And recite to them the news of Abraham,

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إِذْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِۦ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ ۝٧٠

70. When he said to his father and his people, "What do you worship?"

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قَالُوا۟ نَعْبُدُ أَصْنَامًا فَنَظَلُّ لَهَا عَٰكِفِينَ ۝٧١

71. They said, "We worship idols and remain to them devoted."

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قَالَ هَلْ يَسْمَعُونَكُمْ إِذْ تَدْعُونَ ۝٧٢

72. He said, "Do they hear you when you supplicate?

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أَوْ يَنفَعُونَكُمْ أَوْ يَضُرُّونَ ۝٧٣

73. Or do they benefit you, or do they harm?"

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قَالُوا۟ بَلْ وَجَدْنَآ ءَابَآءَنَا كَذَٰلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ ۝٧٤

74. They said, "But we found our fathers doing thus."

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قَالَ أَفَرَءَيْتُم مَّا كُنتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ ۝٧٥

75. He said, "Then do you see what you have been worshipping,

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أَنتُمْ وَءَابَآؤُكُمُ ٱلْأَقْدَمُونَ ۝٧٦

76. You and your ancient forefathers?

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فَإِنَّهُمْ عَدُوٌّ لِّىٓ إِلَّا رَبَّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٧٧

77. Indeed, they are enemies to me, except the Lord of the worlds,1052

Notes

[1052] The people worshipped idols in addition to Allāh.

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ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَنِى فَهُوَ يَهْدِينِ ۝٧٨

78. Who created me, and He [it is who] guides me.

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وَٱلَّذِى هُوَ يُطْعِمُنِى وَيَسْقِينِ ۝٧٩

79. And it is He who feeds me and gives me drink.

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وَإِذَا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ ۝٨٠

80. And when I am ill, it is He who cures me

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وَٱلَّذِى يُمِيتُنِى ثُمَّ يُحْيِينِ ۝٨١

81. And who will cause me to die and then bring me to life

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وَٱلَّذِىٓ أَطْمَعُ أَن يَغْفِرَ لِى خَطِيٓـَٔتِى يَوْمَ ٱلدِّينِ ۝٨٢

82. And who I aspire that He will forgive me my sin on the Day of Recompense."

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رَبِّ هَبْ لِى حُكْمًا وَأَلْحِقْنِى بِٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ ۝٨٣

83. [And he said], "My Lord, grant me authority and join me with the righteous.

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وَٱجْعَل لِّى لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرِينَ ۝٨٤

84. And grant me a mention [i.e., reputation] of honor among later generations.

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وَٱجْعَلْنِى مِن وَرَثَةِ جَنَّةِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ ۝٨٥

85. And place me among the inheritors of the Garden of Pleasure.

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وَٱغْفِرْ لِأَبِىٓ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلضَّآلِّينَ ۝٨٦

86. And forgive my father. Indeed, he has been of those astray.

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وَلَا تُخْزِنِى يَوْمَ يُبْعَثُونَ ۝٨٧

87. And do not disgrace me on the Day they are [all] resurrected -

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يَوْمَ لَا يَنفَعُ مَالٌ وَلَا بَنُونَ ۝٨٨

88. The Day when there will not benefit [anyone] wealth or children

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إِلَّا مَنْ أَتَى ٱللَّهَ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ ۝٨٩

89. But only one who comes to Allāh with a sound heart."

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وَأُزْلِفَتِ ٱلْجَنَّةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ ۝٩٠

90. And Paradise will be brought near [that Day] to the righteous.

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وَبُرِّزَتِ ٱلْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ ۝٩١

91. And Hellfire will be brought forth for the deviators,

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وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ ۝٩٢

92. And it will be said to them, "Where are those you used to worship

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مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ هَلْ يَنصُرُونَكُمْ أَوْ يَنتَصِرُونَ ۝٩٣

93. Other than Allāh? Can they help you or help themselves?"

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فَكُبْكِبُوا۟ فِيهَا هُمْ وَٱلْغَاوُۥنَ ۝٩٤

94. So they will be overturned into it [i.e., Hellfire], they and the deviators

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وَجُنُودُ إِبْلِيسَ أَجْمَعُونَ ۝٩٥

95. And the soldiers of Iblees, all together.

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قَالُوا۟ وَهُمْ فِيهَا يَخْتَصِمُونَ ۝٩٦

96. They will say while they dispute therein,

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تَٱللَّهِ إِن كُنَّا لَفِى ضَلَٰلٍ مُّبِينٍ ۝٩٧

97. "By Allāh, we were indeed in manifest error

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إِذْ نُسَوِّيكُم بِرَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٩٨

98. When we equated you with the Lord of the worlds.

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وَمَآ أَضَلَّنَآ إِلَّا ٱلْمُجْرِمُونَ ۝٩٩

99. And no one misguided us except the criminals.

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فَمَا لَنَا مِن شَٰفِعِينَ ۝١٠٠

100. So now we have no intercessors

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وَلَا صَدِيقٍ حَمِيمٍ ۝١٠١

101. And not a devoted friend.

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فَلَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٠٢

102. Then if we only had a return [to the world] and could be of the believers..."1053

Notes

[1053] The conclusion of this verse is estimated as "...we would do this or that."

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إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٠٣

103. Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers.

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وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ۝١٠٤

104. And indeed, your Lord - He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.

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كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ ۝١٠٥

105. The people of Noah denied the messengers1054

Notes

[1054] See footnote to 25:37.

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إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ نُوحٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ ۝١٠٦

106. When their brother Noah said to them, "Will you not fear Allāh?

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إِنِّى لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ ۝١٠٧

107. Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.

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فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝١٠٨

108. So fear Allāh and obey me.

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وَمَآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِىَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٠٩

109. And I do not ask you for it any payment. My payment is only from the Lord of the worlds.

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فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝١١٠

110. So fear Allāh and obey me."

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قَالُوٓا۟ أَنُؤْمِنُ لَكَ وَٱتَّبَعَكَ ٱلْأَرْذَلُونَ ۝١١١

111. They said, "Should we believe you while you are followed by the lowest [class of people]?"

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قَالَ وَمَا عِلْمِى بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ ۝١١٢

112. He said, "And what is my knowledge of what they used to do?

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إِنْ حِسَابُهُمْ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّى لَوْ تَشْعُرُونَ ۝١١٣

113. Their account is only upon my Lord, if you [could] perceive.

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وَمَآ أَنَا۠ بِطَارِدِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝١١٤

114. And I am not one to drive away the believers.

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إِنْ أَنَا۠ إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ ۝١١٥

115. I am only a clear warner."

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قَالُوا۟ لَئِن لَّمْ تَنتَهِ يَٰنُوحُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلْمَرْجُومِينَ ۝١١٦

116. They said, "If you do not desist, O Noah, you will surely be of those who are stoned."

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قَالَ رَبِّ إِنَّ قَوْمِى كَذَّبُونِ ۝١١٧

117. He said, "My Lord, indeed my people have denied me.

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فَٱفْتَحْ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُمْ فَتْحًا وَنَجِّنِى وَمَن مَّعِىَ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝١١٨

118. Then judge between me and them with decisive judgement and save me and those with me of the believers."

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فَأَنجَيْنَٰهُ وَمَن مَّعَهُۥ فِى ٱلْفُلْكِ ٱلْمَشْحُونِ ۝١١٩

119. So We saved him and those with him in the laden ship.

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ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا بَعْدُ ٱلْبَاقِينَ ۝١٢٠

120. Then We drowned thereafter the remaining ones.

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إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٢١

121. Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers.

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وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ۝١٢٢

122. And indeed, your Lord - He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.

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كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ ۝١٢٣

123. ʿAad denied the messengers

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إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ هُودٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ ۝١٢٤

124. When their brother Hūd said to them, "Will you not fear Allāh?

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إِنِّى لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ ۝١٢٥

125. Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.

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فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝١٢٦

126. So fear Allāh and obey me.

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وَمَآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِىَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٢٧

127. And I do not ask you for it any payment. My payment is only from the Lord of the worlds.

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أَتَبْنُونَ بِكُلِّ رِيعٍ ءَايَةً تَعْبَثُونَ ۝١٢٨

128. Do you construct on every elevation a sign,1055 amusing yourselves,

Notes

[1055] i.e., a symbol or indication of their wealth and power. They used to build lofty structures along the road to be seen by all who passed by.

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وَتَتَّخِذُونَ مَصَانِعَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَخْلُدُونَ ۝١٢٩

129. And take for yourselves constructions [i.e., palaces and fortresses] that you might abide eternally?

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وَإِذَا بَطَشْتُم بَطَشْتُمْ جَبَّارِينَ ۝١٣٠

130. And when you strike, you strike as tyrants.

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فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝١٣١

131. So fear Allāh and obey me.

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وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَمَدَّكُم بِمَا تَعْلَمُونَ ۝١٣٢

132. And fear He who provided you with that which you know,

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أَمَدَّكُم بِأَنْعَٰمٍ وَبَنِينَ ۝١٣٣

133. Provided you with grazing livestock and children

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وَجَنَّٰتٍ وَعُيُونٍ ۝١٣٤

134. And gardens and springs.

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إِنِّىٓ أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ ۝١٣٥

135. Indeed, I fear for you the punishment of a terrible day."

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قَالُوا۟ سَوَآءٌ عَلَيْنَآ أَوَعَظْتَ أَمْ لَمْ تَكُن مِّنَ ٱلْوَٰعِظِينَ ۝١٣٦

136. They said, "It is all the same to us whether you advise or are not of the advisors.

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إِنْ هَٰذَآ إِلَّا خُلُقُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ ۝١٣٧

137. This is not but the custom of the former peoples,

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وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ ۝١٣٨

138. And we are not to be punished."

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فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَهْلَكْنَٰهُمْ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٣٩

139. And they denied him, so We destroyed them. Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers.

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وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ۝١٤٠

140. And indeed, your Lord - He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.

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كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ ۝١٤١

141. Thamūd denied the messengers

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إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ صَٰلِحٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ ۝١٤٢

142. When their brother Ṣāliḥ said to them, "Will you not fear Allāh?

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إِنِّى لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ ۝١٤٣

143. Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.

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فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝١٤٤

144. So fear Allāh and obey me.

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وَمَآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِىَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٤٥

145. And I do not ask you for it any payment. My payment is only from the Lord of the worlds.

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أَتُتْرَكُونَ فِى مَا هَٰهُنَآ ءَامِنِينَ ۝١٤٦

146. Will you be left in what is here, secure [from death],

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فِى جَنَّٰتٍ وَعُيُونٍ ۝١٤٧

147. Within gardens and springs

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وَزُرُوعٍ وَنَخْلٍ طَلْعُهَا هَضِيمٌ ۝١٤٨

148. And fields of crops and palm trees with softened fruit?

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وَتَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ ٱلْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا فَٰرِهِينَ ۝١٤٩

149. And you carve out of the mountains, homes, with skill.

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فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝١٥٠

150. So fear Allāh and obey me.

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وَلَا تُطِيعُوٓا۟ أَمْرَ ٱلْمُسْرِفِينَ ۝١٥١

151. And do not obey the order of the transgressors,

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ٱلَّذِينَ يُفْسِدُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَا يُصْلِحُونَ ۝١٥٢

152. Who cause corruption in the land and do not amend."

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قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ مِنَ ٱلْمُسَحَّرِينَ ۝١٥٣

153. They said, "You are only of those affected by magic.

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مَآ أَنتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُنَا فَأْتِ بِـَٔايَةٍ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ ۝١٥٤

154. You are but a man like ourselves, so bring a sign, if you should be of the truthful."

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قَالَ هَٰذِهِۦ نَاقَةٌ لَّهَا شِرْبٌ وَلَكُمْ شِرْبُ يَوْمٍ مَّعْلُومٍ ۝١٥٥

155. He said, "This is a she-camel.1056 For her is a [time of] drink, and for you is a [time of] drink, [each] on a known day.

Notes

[1056] Miraculously sent to them as a sign by Allāh.

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وَلَا تَمَسُّوهَا بِسُوٓءٍ فَيَأْخُذَكُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ ۝١٥٦

156. And do not touch her with harm, lest you be seized by the punishment of a terrible day."

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فَعَقَرُوهَا فَأَصْبَحُوا۟ نَٰدِمِينَ ۝١٥٧

157. But they hamstrung her and so became regretful.

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فَأَخَذَهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابُ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٥٨

158. And the punishment seized them. Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers.

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وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ۝١٥٩

159. And indeed, your Lord - He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.

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كَذَّبَتْ قَوْمُ لُوطٍ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ ۝١٦٠

160. The people of Lot denied the messengers

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إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَخُوهُمْ لُوطٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ ۝١٦١

161. When their brother Lot said to them, "Will you not fear Allāh?

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إِنِّى لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ ۝١٦٢

162. Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.

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فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝١٦٣

163. So fear Allāh and obey me.

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وَمَآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِىَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٦٤

164. And I do not ask you for it any payment. My payment is only from the Lord of the worlds.

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أَتَأْتُونَ ٱلذُّكْرَانَ مِنَ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٦٥

165. Do you approach males among the worlds1057

Notes

[1057] i.e., Are there, out of all Allāh's creatures, any besides you who commit this unnatural act?

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وَتَذَرُونَ مَا خَلَقَ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُم مِّنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُم بَلْ أَنتُمْ قَوْمٌ عَادُونَ ۝١٦٦

166. And leave what your Lord has created for you as mates? But you are a people transgressing."

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قَالُوا۟ لَئِن لَّمْ تَنتَهِ يَٰلُوطُ لَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلْمُخْرَجِينَ ۝١٦٧

167. They said, "If you do not desist, O Lot, you will surely be of those evicted."

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قَالَ إِنِّى لِعَمَلِكُم مِّنَ ٱلْقَالِينَ ۝١٦٨

168. He said, "Indeed, I am, toward your deed, of those who detest [it].

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رَبِّ نَجِّنِى وَأَهْلِى مِمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ ۝١٦٩

169. My Lord, save me and my family from [the consequence of] what they do."

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فَنَجَّيْنَٰهُ وَأَهْلَهُۥٓ أَجْمَعِينَ ۝١٧٠

170. So We saved him and his family, all,

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إِلَّا عَجُوزًا فِى ٱلْغَٰبِرِينَ ۝١٧١

171. Except an old woman1058 among those who remained behind.

Notes

[1058] Lot's wife, who had collaborated with the evildoers.

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ثُمَّ دَمَّرْنَا ٱلْـَٔاخَرِينَ ۝١٧٢

172. Then We destroyed the others.

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وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِم مَّطَرًا فَسَآءَ مَطَرُ ٱلْمُنذَرِينَ ۝١٧٣

173. And We rained upon them a rain [of stones], and evil was the rain of those who were warned.

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إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٧٤

174. Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers.

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وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ۝١٧٥

175. And indeed, your Lord - He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.

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كَذَّبَ أَصْحَٰبُ لْـَٔيْكَةِ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ ۝١٧٦

176. The companions of the thicket [i.e., the people of Madyan] denied the messengers

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إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ شُعَيْبٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ ۝١٧٧

177. When Shuʿayb said to them, "Will you not fear Allāh?

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إِنِّى لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ ۝١٧٨

178. Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.

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فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ ۝١٧٩

179. So fear Allāh and obey me.

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وَمَآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِىَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٨٠

180. And I do not ask you for it any payment. My payment is only from the Lord of the worlds.

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أَوْفُوا۟ ٱلْكَيْلَ وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلْمُخْسِرِينَ ۝١٨١

181. Give full measure and do not be of those who cause loss.

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وَزِنُوا۟ بِٱلْقِسْطَاسِ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمِ ۝١٨٢

182. And weigh with an even [i.e., honest] balance.

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وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا۟ ٱلنَّاسَ أَشْيَآءَهُمْ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ ۝١٨٣

183. And do not deprive people of their due and do not commit abuse on earth, spreading corruption.

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وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ وَٱلْجِبِلَّةَ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ ۝١٨٤

184. And fear He who created you and the former creation."1059

Notes

[1059] i.e., previous generations.

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قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ مِنَ ٱلْمُسَحَّرِينَ ۝١٨٥

185. They said, "You are only of those affected by magic.

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وَمَآ أَنتَ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُنَا وَإِن نَّظُنُّكَ لَمِنَ ٱلْكَٰذِبِينَ ۝١٨٦

186. You are but a man like ourselves, and indeed, we think you are among the liars.

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فَأَسْقِطْ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰدِقِينَ ۝١٨٧

187. So cause to fall upon us fragments of the sky, if you should be of the truthful."

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قَالَ رَبِّىٓ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ ۝١٨٨

188. He said, "My Lord is most knowing of what you do."

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فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ ٱلظُّلَّةِ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ ۝١٨٩

189. And they denied him, so the punishment of the day of the black cloud seized them. Indeed, it was the punishment of a terrible day.

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إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٩٠

190. Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers.

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وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ۝١٩١

191. And indeed, your Lord - He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.

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وَإِنَّهُۥ لَتَنزِيلُ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝١٩٢

192. And indeed, it [i.e., the Qur’ān] is the revelation of the Lord of the worlds.

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نَزَلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحُ ٱلْأَمِينُ ۝١٩٣

193. The Trustworthy Spirit [i.e., Gabriel] has brought it down

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عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلْمُنذِرِينَ ۝١٩٤

194. Upon your heart, [O Muḥammad] - that you may be of the warners

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بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِىٍّ مُّبِينٍ ۝١٩٥

195. In a clear Arabic language.

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وَإِنَّهُۥ لَفِى زُبُرِ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ ۝١٩٦

196. And indeed, it is [mentioned] in the scriptures of former peoples.

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أَوَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُمْ ءَايَةً أَن يَعْلَمَهُۥ عُلَمَٰٓؤُا۟ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ ۝١٩٧

197. And has it not been a sign to them that it is recognized by the scholars of the Children of Israel?

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وَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَٰهُ عَلَىٰ بَعْضِ ٱلْأَعْجَمِينَ ۝١٩٨

198. And even if We had revealed it to one among the foreigners1060

Notes

[1060] i.e., the non-Arabs or those who are not fluent in the Arabic language.

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فَقَرَأَهُۥ عَلَيْهِم مَّا كَانُوا۟ بِهِۦ مُؤْمِنِينَ ۝١٩٩

199. And he had recited it to them [perfectly],1061 they would [still] not have been believers in it.

Notes

[1061] As a miracle from Allāh.

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كَذَٰلِكَ سَلَكْنَٰهُ فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ ۝٢٠٠

200. Thus have We inserted it [i.e., disbelief] into the hearts of the criminals.

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لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِۦ حَتَّىٰ يَرَوُا۟ ٱلْعَذَابَ ٱلْأَلِيمَ ۝٢٠١

201. They will not believe in it until they see the painful punishment.

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فَيَأْتِيَهُم بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ ۝٢٠٢

202. And it will come to them suddenly while they perceive [it] not.

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فَيَقُولُوا۟ هَلْ نَحْنُ مُنظَرُونَ ۝٢٠٣

203. And they will say, "May we be reprieved?"

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أَفَبِعَذَابِنَا يَسْتَعْجِلُونَ ۝٢٠٤

204. So for Our punishment are they impatient?

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أَفَرَءَيْتَ إِن مَّتَّعْنَٰهُمْ سِنِينَ ۝٢٠٥

205. Then have you considered if We gave them enjoyment for years

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ثُمَّ جَآءَهُم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يُوعَدُونَ ۝٢٠٦

206. And then there came to them that which they were promised?

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مَآ أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا۟ يُمَتَّعُونَ ۝٢٠٧

207. They would not be availed by the enjoyment with which they were provided.

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وَمَآ أَهْلَكْنَا مِن قَرْيَةٍ إِلَّا لَهَا مُنذِرُونَ ۝٢٠٨

208. And We did not destroy any city except that it had warners

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ذِكْرَىٰ وَمَا كُنَّا ظَٰلِمِينَ ۝٢٠٩

209. As a reminder; and never have We been unjust.

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وَمَا تَنَزَّلَتْ بِهِ ٱلشَّيَٰطِينُ ۝٢١٠

210. And the devils have not brought it [i.e., the revelation] down.1062

Notes

[1062] As was asserted by the disbelievers. Rather, it was brought by Gabriel, the Trustworthy Spirit.

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وَمَا يَنۢبَغِى لَهُمْ وَمَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ۝٢١١

211. It is not allowable for them, nor would they be able.

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إِنَّهُمْ عَنِ ٱلسَّمْعِ لَمَعْزُولُونَ ۝٢١٢

212. Indeed they, from [its] hearing, are removed.1063

Notes

[1063] As mentioned in 72:9.

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فَلَا تَدْعُ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا ءَاخَرَ فَتَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلْمُعَذَّبِينَ ۝٢١٣

213. So do not invoke1064 with Allāh another deity and [thus] be among the punished.

Notes

[1064] Or "worship."

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وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ ٱلْأَقْرَبِينَ ۝٢١٤

214. And warn, [O Muḥammad], your closest kindred.

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وَٱخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۝٢١٥

215. And lower your wing [i.e., show kindness] to those who follow you of the believers.

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فَإِنْ عَصَوْكَ فَقُلْ إِنِّى بَرِىٓءٌ مِّمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ۝٢١٦

216. And if they disobey you, then say, "Indeed, I am disassociated from what you are doing."

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وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ۝٢١٧

217. And rely upon the Exalted in Might, the Merciful,

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ٱلَّذِى يَرَىٰكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ ۝٢١٨

218. Who sees you when you arise1065

Notes

[1065] From your bed at night for prayer while you are alone.

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وَتَقَلُّبَكَ فِى ٱلسَّٰجِدِينَ ۝٢١٩

219. And your movement among those who prostrate.1066

Notes

[1066] i.e., among those who pray with you in congregation.

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إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْعَلِيمُ ۝٢٢٠

220. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Knowing.

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هَلْ أُنَبِّئُكُمْ عَلَىٰ مَن تَنَزَّلُ ٱلشَّيَٰطِينُ ۝٢٢١

221. Shall I inform you upon whom the devils descend?

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تَنَزَّلُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ ۝٢٢٢

222. They descend upon every sinful liar.

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يُلْقُونَ ٱلسَّمْعَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ كَٰذِبُونَ ۝٢٢٣

223. They pass on what is heard,1067 and most of them are liars.

Notes

[1067] This was before they were prevented, as described in 72:8-9.

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وَٱلشُّعَرَآءُ يَتَّبِعُهُمُ ٱلْغَاوُۥنَ ۝٢٢٤

224. And the poets - [only] the deviators follow them.

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أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّهُمْ فِى كُلِّ وَادٍ يَهِيمُونَ ۝٢٢٥

225. Do you not see that in every valley they roam1068

Notes

[1068] Speaking lies indiscriminately and praising and disparaging others according to whim.

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وَأَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ مَا لَا يَفْعَلُونَ ۝٢٢٦

226. And that they say what they do not do? -

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إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَذَكَرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرًا وَٱنتَصَرُوا۟ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا ظُلِمُوا۟ وَسَيَعْلَمُ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓا۟ أَىَّ مُنقَلَبٍ يَنقَلِبُونَ ۝٢٢٧

227. Except those [poets] who believe and do righteous deeds and remember Allāh often and defend [the Muslims]1069 after they were wronged. And those who have wronged are going to know to what [kind of] return they will be returned.

Notes

[1069] By replying through poetry to the attacks of hostile poets.

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