Tajweed rules
- Hamzat al-wasl (silent)
- Silent letter
- Lam shamsiyyah (assimilated)
- Normal madd (2 counts)
- Permissible madd (2, 4 or 6 counts)
- Obligatory madd (4 or 5 counts)
- Necessary madd (6 counts)
- Ghunnah (nasalisation, 2 counts)
- Qalqalah (echo)
- Ikhfa (concealment)
- Ikhfa shafawi (meem)
- Idgham with ghunnah
- Idgham without ghunnah
- Idgham shafawi (meem)
- Idgham mutajanisayn
- Idgham mutaqaribayn
- Iqlab (noon becomes meem)
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَٰبِ ٱلْفِيلِ ١
1. Have you not considered, [O Muḥammad], how your Lord dealt with the companions of the elephant?1992
Notes
[1992] i.e., the army under the command of Abrahah al-Ashram which was accompanied by a huge elephant and came with the intention of destroying the Kaʿbah at Makkah.
أَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ كَيْدَهُمْ فِى تَضْلِيلٍ ٢
2. Did He not make their plan into misguidance?1993
Notes
[1993] Causing them to perish.
وَأَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْرًا أَبَابِيلَ ٣
3. And He sent against them birds in flocks,
تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ مِّن سِجِّيلٍ ٤
4. Striking them with stones of hard clay,
فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّأْكُولٍۭ ٥
5. And He made them like eaten straw.1994
Notes
[1994] i.e., husks which have been chewed by cattle. This event took place in the year of the Prophet's birth.