How to pray the funeral prayer (janazah), step by step

How to pray the funeral prayer, step by step

• 7 steps
• 3 min
• With audio

The four takbirs of the funeral prayer and what is said after each, with the audio of the supplications, according to your school.

The steps

1. 1 Take your placeIn a state of wudu, in rows behind the imam, facing the qibla, with the deceased in front of the imam.

   

   Obligatory (fard)

   Wudu is required. The body is placed in front of the imam, towards the qibla; the worshippers stand in rows behind him (at least three rows is recommended).

   According to the Hanafi school

   The imam stands level with the chest of the deceased, man or woman.

   The views of the four schools

   Hanafi Obligatory (fard)

   The imam stands level with the chest of the deceased, man or woman.

   Maliki Obligatory (fard)

   The imam stands at the middle of the body for a man, at the shoulders for a woman.

   Shafi‘i Obligatory (fard)

   The imam stands at the head for a man, at the hips for a woman.

   Hanbali Obligatory (fard)

   The imam stands at the chest for a man, at the middle of the body for a woman.

   References al-Bukhari 1332, Muslim 964, Abu Dawud 3194, al-Bukhari 1325

2. 2 The intentionIntend to pray over this deceased person.

   

   Condition

   Have in your heart the intention to perform the funeral prayer over the deceased who is present.

   References al-Bukhari 1

3. 3 1st takbirSay “Allahu akbar” raising your hands, then, depending on your school, al-Fatiha or the opening supplication.

   

   Obligatory (fard)

   Raise your hands and say “Allahu akbar”.

   Takbir

   اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ

   Allāhu akbarAllahu akbar

   Allah is the Greatest.

   Al-Fatihah, verses 1–7

   بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ۝١ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ ۝٢ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ۝٣ مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ ۝٤ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ۝٥ ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ ۝٦ صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ ۝٧

   bis'mi l-lahi l-raḥmāni l-raḥīmi · al-ḥamdu lillahi rabbi l-ʿālamīna · al-raḥmāni l-raḥīmi · māliki yawmi l-dīni · iyyāka naʿbudu wa-iyyāka nastaʿīnu · ih'dinā l-ṣirāṭa l-mus'taqīma · ṣirāṭa alladhīna anʿamta ʿalayhim ghayri l-maghḍūbi ʿalayhim walā l-ḍālīnabis'mi l-lahi l-rahmani l-rahimi · al-hamdu lillahi rabbi l-‘alamina · al-rahmani l-rahimi · maliki yawmi l-dini · iyyaka na‘budu wa-iyyaka nasta‘inu · ih'dina l-sirata l-mus'taqima · sirata alladhina an‘amta ‘alayhim ghayri l-maghdubi ‘alayhim wala l-dalina

   In the name of Allāh, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. [All] praise is [due] to Allāh, Lord of the worlds - The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful, Sovereign of the Day of Recompense. It is You we worship and You we ask for help. Guide us to the straight path - The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have earned [Your] anger or of those who are astray.

   Read and listen to Surah Al-Fatihah

   سُبْحانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، وَتَبارَكَ اسْمُكَ، وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ، وَلاَ إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ.

   Subḥānaka l-lāhumma wa bi-ḥamdik, wa tabāraka smuka wa taʿālā jadduka wa lā ilāha ghayrukSubhanaka l-lahumma wa bi-hamdik, wa tabaraka smuka wa ta‘ala jadduka wa la ilaha ghayruk

   How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. Blessed be Your name, and lofty is Your position and none has the right to be worshipped except You.

   Supplication no. 28 of Hisn al-Muslim

   اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ، وَعَافِهِ، وَاعْفُ عَنْهُ، وَأَكْرِمْ نُزُلَهُ، وَوَسِّعْ مُدْخَلَهُ، وَاغْسِلْهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ، وَنَقِّهِ مِنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ الأَبْيَضَ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، وَأَبْدِلْهُ دَاراً خَيْراً مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَأَهْلاً خَيْراً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، وَزَوْجَاً خَيْراً مِنْ زَوْجِهِ، وَأَدْخِلْهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَأَعِذْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ القَبْرِ [وَعَذَابِ النَّارِ].

   Allāhumma ghfir lahu wa rḥamhu wa ʿāfihi, wa ʿfu ʿanhu, wa akrim nuzulahu, wa wassiʿ mudkhalahu, wa ghsilhu bi l-māʾi wa th-thalji wa l-barad. wa naqqihi min alkhaṭāyā kamā naqqayta th-thawba l-abyaḍa min ad-danas. wa abdilhu dāran khayran min dārih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih, wa zawjan khayran min zawjih. wa adkhilhu l-jannata wa aʿidh-hu min ʿadhābi l-qabr [wa ʿadhābi n-nār]Allahumma ghfir lahu wa rhamhu wa ‘afihi, wa ‘fu ‘anhu, wa akrim nuzulahu, wa wassi‘ mudkhalahu, wa ghsilhu bi l-ma’i wa th-thalji wa l-barad. wa naqqihi min alkhataya kama naqqayta th-thawba l-abyada min ad-danas. wa abdilhu daran khayran min darih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih, wa zawjan khayran min zawjih. wa adkhilhu l-jannata wa a‘idh-hu min ‘adhabi l-qabr [wa ‘adhabi n-nar]

   O Allah, forgive and have mercy upon him, excuse him and pardon him, and make honourable his reception. Expand his entry, and cleanse him with water, snow, and ice, and purify him of sin as a white robe is purified of filth. Exchange his home for a better home, and his family for a better family, and his spouse for a better spouse. Admit him into the Garden, protect him from the punishment of the grave and the torment of the Fire.

   Supplication no. 156 of Hisn al-Muslim

   اللَّهُمَّ أَعِذْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ القَبْرِ وإن قال: اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ فَرَطاً وَذُخْراً لِوَالِدَيْهِ، وَشَفِيعاً مُجَاباً، اللَّهُمَّ ثَقِّلْ بِهِ مَوَازِينَهُمَا، وَأَعْظِمْ بِهِ أُجورَهُمَا، وَأَلْحِقْهُ بِصَالِحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَاجْعَلْهُ فِي كَفَالَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَقِهِ بِرَحْمَتِكَ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ، وَأَبْدِلْهُ دَاراً خَيْراً مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَأَهْلاً خَيْراً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِأَسْلاَفِنَا، وَأَفْرَاطِنَا، وَمَنْ سَبَقَنَا بِالْإِيمَانِ إن قال ذلك فَحَسَنٌ.

   Allāhumma aʿidh-hu min ʿadhābi l-qabr Allāhumma jʿalhu faraṭan wa dhukhran li-wālidayh, wa shafīʿan mujābā. Allāhumma thaqqil bihi mawāzīnahumā, wa aʿẓim bihi ujūrahumā, wa alḥiqhu bi-ṣāliḥi l-muʾminīn. wa jʿalhu fī kafālati ibrāhīm, wa qihi bi-raḥmatika ʿadhāba l-jaḥīm. wa abdilhu dāran khayran min dārih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih. Allāhumma ghfir li-aslāfinā wa afrāṭinā wa man sabaqanā bi l-īmānAllahumma a‘idh-hu min ‘adhabi l-qabr Allahumma j‘alhu faratan wa dhukhran li-walidayh, wa shafi‘an mujaba. Allahumma thaqqil bihi mawazinahuma, wa a‘zim bihi ujurahuma, wa alhiqhu bi-salihi l-mu’minin. wa j‘alhu fi kafalati ibrahim, wa qihi bi-rahmatika ‘adhaba l-jahim. wa abdilhu daran khayran min darih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih. Allahumma ghfir li-aslafina wa afratina wa man sabaqana bi l-iman

   O Allah, protect him from the torment of the grave . [it is also good to say] O Allah, make him a precursor, a forerunner and a treasure for his parents and an answered intercessor. O Allah, make him weigh heavily in their scales (of good) and magnify their reward. Make him join the righteous of the believers. Place him in the care of Ibrahim. Save him by Your mercy from the torment of Hell. Give him a home better than his home and a family better than his family. O Allah, forgive those who have gone (i.e. passed away) before us, our children lost (by death), and those who have preceded us in Faith.

   Supplication no. 160 of Hisn al-Muslim

   According to the Hanafi school

   You say the opening supplication “Subhanaka llahumma…”.

   The views of the four schools

   Hanafi Obligatory (fard)

   You say the opening supplication “Subhanaka llahumma…”.

   Maliki Obligatory (fard)

   You make a supplication for the deceased (al-Fatiha is not recited).

   Shafi‘i Pillar (rukn)

   You recite al-Fatiha silently.

   Hanbali Pillar (rukn)

   You recite al-Fatiha silently.

   References al-Bukhari 1335

4. 4 2nd takbirSay “Allahu akbar”, then the prayer upon the Prophet ﷺ.

   

   Obligatory (fard)

   Say “Allahu akbar” and recite the prayer upon the Prophet ﷺ, as in the tashahhud.

   Takbir

   اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ

   Allāhu akbarAllahu akbar

   Allah is the Greatest.

   اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ.

   Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa ʿalā āli muḥammadin kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ibrāhīma wa ʿalā āli ibrāhīm. innaka ḥamīdun majīd. Allāhumma bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa ʿalā āli muḥammadin kamā bārakta ʿalā ibrāhīma wa ʿalā āli ibrāhīm. innaka ḥamīdun majīdAllahumma salli ‘ala muhammadin wa ‘ala ali muhammadin kama sallayta ‘ala ibrahima wa ‘ala ali ibrahim. innaka hamidun majid. Allahumma barik ‘ala muhammadin wa ‘ala ali muhammadin kama barakta ‘ala ibrahima wa ‘ala ali ibrahim. innaka hamidun majid

   (O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad, just as You sent prayers upon Ibraheem and upon the followers of Ibraheem. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. O Allah, send blessings upon Mohammad and upon the family of Muhammad, just as You sent blessings upon Ibraheem and upon the family of Ibraheem. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty.)(send prayers: praise and exalt him in the highest and superior of gatherings: that of the closest angels to Allah)((al) has been translated in it’s broadest sense: some scholars are of the view that the meaning here is more specific and that it means: his followers from among his family.)

   Supplication no. 53 of Hisn al-Muslim

   اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا وَمَيِّتِنَا، وَشَاهِدِنَا وَغَائِبِنَا، وَصَغِيرِنَا وَكَبيرِنَا، وَذَكَرِنَا وَأُنْثَانَا. اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ أَحْيَيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَأَحْيِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلاَمِ، وَمَنْ تَوَفَّيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَتَوَفَّهُ عَلَى الإِيمَانِ، اللَّهُمَّ لاَ تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ، وَلاَ تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ.

   Allāhumma ghfir li-ḥayyinā wa mayyitinā, wa shāhidinā wa ghāʾibinā, wa ṣaghīrinā wa kabīrinā, wa dhakarinā wa unthānā. Allāhumma man aḥyaytahu minnā fa-aḥyihi ʿalā l-islām. wa man tawaffaytahu minnā fa-tawaffahu ʿalā l-īmān. Allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ajrah, wa lā tuḍillanā baʿdahAllahumma ghfir li-hayyina wa mayyitina, wa shahidina wa gha’ibina, wa saghirina wa kabirina, wa dhakarina wa unthana. Allahumma man ahyaytahu minna fa-ahyihi ‘ala l-islam. wa man tawaffaytahu minna fa-tawaffahu ‘ala l-iman. Allahumma la tahrimna ajrah, wa la tudillana ba‘dah

   O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, those present and those absent, our young and our old, our males and our females. O Allah, whom amongst us You keep alive, then let such a life be upon Islam, and whom amongst us You take unto Yourself, then let such a death be upon faith. O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward and do not let us stray after him.

   Supplication no. 157 of Hisn al-Muslim

   According to the Hanafi school

   The hands are raised only at the first takbir.

   The views of the four schools

   Hanafi Obligatory (fard)

   The hands are raised only at the first takbir.

   Maliki Obligatory (fard)

   After each takbir you supplicate for the deceased; the hands are raised only at the first.

   Shafi‘i Pillar (rukn)

   The hands are raised at every takbir.

   Hanbali Pillar (rukn)

   The hands are raised at every takbir.

5. 5 3rd takbirSay “Allahu akbar”, then supplicate for the deceased.

   

   Obligatory (fard)

   Say “Allahu akbar” and ask Allah for the deceased with the supplications transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ. For a woman, say “laha” instead of “lahu” (for her).

   Takbir

   اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ

   Allāhu akbarAllahu akbar

   Allah is the Greatest.

   اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ، وَعَافِهِ، وَاعْفُ عَنْهُ، وَأَكْرِمْ نُزُلَهُ، وَوَسِّعْ مُدْخَلَهُ، وَاغْسِلْهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ، وَنَقِّهِ مِنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ الأَبْيَضَ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، وَأَبْدِلْهُ دَاراً خَيْراً مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَأَهْلاً خَيْراً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، وَزَوْجَاً خَيْراً مِنْ زَوْجِهِ، وَأَدْخِلْهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَأَعِذْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ القَبْرِ [وَعَذَابِ النَّارِ].

   Allāhumma ghfir lahu wa rḥamhu wa ʿāfihi, wa ʿfu ʿanhu, wa akrim nuzulahu, wa wassiʿ mudkhalahu, wa ghsilhu bi l-māʾi wa th-thalji wa l-barad. wa naqqihi min alkhaṭāyā kamā naqqayta th-thawba l-abyaḍa min ad-danas. wa abdilhu dāran khayran min dārih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih, wa zawjan khayran min zawjih. wa adkhilhu l-jannata wa aʿidh-hu min ʿadhābi l-qabr [wa ʿadhābi n-nār]Allahumma ghfir lahu wa rhamhu wa ‘afihi, wa ‘fu ‘anhu, wa akrim nuzulahu, wa wassi‘ mudkhalahu, wa ghsilhu bi l-ma’i wa th-thalji wa l-barad. wa naqqihi min alkhataya kama naqqayta th-thawba l-abyada min ad-danas. wa abdilhu daran khayran min darih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih, wa zawjan khayran min zawjih. wa adkhilhu l-jannata wa a‘idh-hu min ‘adhabi l-qabr [wa ‘adhabi n-nar]

   O Allah, forgive and have mercy upon him, excuse him and pardon him, and make honourable his reception. Expand his entry, and cleanse him with water, snow, and ice, and purify him of sin as a white robe is purified of filth. Exchange his home for a better home, and his family for a better family, and his spouse for a better spouse. Admit him into the Garden, protect him from the punishment of the grave and the torment of the Fire.

   Supplication no. 156 of Hisn al-Muslim

   اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا وَمَيِّتِنَا، وَشَاهِدِنَا وَغَائِبِنَا، وَصَغِيرِنَا وَكَبيرِنَا، وَذَكَرِنَا وَأُنْثَانَا. اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ أَحْيَيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَأَحْيِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلاَمِ، وَمَنْ تَوَفَّيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَتَوَفَّهُ عَلَى الإِيمَانِ، اللَّهُمَّ لاَ تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ، وَلاَ تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ.

   Allāhumma ghfir li-ḥayyinā wa mayyitinā, wa shāhidinā wa ghāʾibinā, wa ṣaghīrinā wa kabīrinā, wa dhakarinā wa unthānā. Allāhumma man aḥyaytahu minnā fa-aḥyihi ʿalā l-islām. wa man tawaffaytahu minnā fa-tawaffahu ʿalā l-īmān. Allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ajrah, wa lā tuḍillanā baʿdahAllahumma ghfir li-hayyina wa mayyitina, wa shahidina wa gha’ibina, wa saghirina wa kabirina, wa dhakarina wa unthana. Allahumma man ahyaytahu minna fa-ahyihi ‘ala l-islam. wa man tawaffaytahu minna fa-tawaffahu ‘ala l-iman. Allahumma la tahrimna ajrah, wa la tudillana ba‘dah

   O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, those present and those absent, our young and our old, our males and our females. O Allah, whom amongst us You keep alive, then let such a life be upon Islam, and whom amongst us You take unto Yourself, then let such a death be upon faith. O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward and do not let us stray after him.

   Supplication no. 157 of Hisn al-Muslim

   اللَّهُمَّ أَعِذْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ القَبْرِ وإن قال: اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ فَرَطاً وَذُخْراً لِوَالِدَيْهِ، وَشَفِيعاً مُجَاباً، اللَّهُمَّ ثَقِّلْ بِهِ مَوَازِينَهُمَا، وَأَعْظِمْ بِهِ أُجورَهُمَا، وَأَلْحِقْهُ بِصَالِحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَاجْعَلْهُ فِي كَفَالَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَقِهِ بِرَحْمَتِكَ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ، وَأَبْدِلْهُ دَاراً خَيْراً مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَأَهْلاً خَيْراً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِأَسْلاَفِنَا، وَأَفْرَاطِنَا، وَمَنْ سَبَقَنَا بِالْإِيمَانِ إن قال ذلك فَحَسَنٌ.

   Allāhumma aʿidh-hu min ʿadhābi l-qabr Allāhumma jʿalhu faraṭan wa dhukhran li-wālidayh, wa shafīʿan mujābā. Allāhumma thaqqil bihi mawāzīnahumā, wa aʿẓim bihi ujūrahumā, wa alḥiqhu bi-ṣāliḥi l-muʾminīn. wa jʿalhu fī kafālati ibrāhīm, wa qihi bi-raḥmatika ʿadhāba l-jaḥīm. wa abdilhu dāran khayran min dārih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih. Allāhumma ghfir li-aslāfinā wa afrāṭinā wa man sabaqanā bi l-īmānAllahumma a‘idh-hu min ‘adhabi l-qabr Allahumma j‘alhu faratan wa dhukhran li-walidayh, wa shafi‘an mujaba. Allahumma thaqqil bihi mawazinahuma, wa a‘zim bihi ujurahuma, wa alhiqhu bi-salihi l-mu’minin. wa j‘alhu fi kafalati ibrahim, wa qihi bi-rahmatika ‘adhaba l-jahim. wa abdilhu daran khayran min darih, wa ahlan khayran min ahlih. Allahumma ghfir li-aslafina wa afratina wa man sabaqana bi l-iman

   O Allah, protect him from the torment of the grave . [it is also good to say] O Allah, make him a precursor, a forerunner and a treasure for his parents and an answered intercessor. O Allah, make him weigh heavily in their scales (of good) and magnify their reward. Make him join the righteous of the believers. Place him in the care of Ibrahim. Save him by Your mercy from the torment of Hell. Give him a home better than his home and a family better than his family. O Allah, forgive those who have gone (i.e. passed away) before us, our children lost (by death), and those who have preceded us in Faith.

   Supplication no. 160 of Hisn al-Muslim

   اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ لَنَا فَرَطاً، وَسَلَفاً، وَأَجْراً.

   Allāhumma jʿalhu lanā faraṭan wa salafan wa ajrāAllahumma j‘alhu lana faratan wa salafan wa ajra

   O Allah, make him for us a precursor,a forerunner and a cause of reward

   Supplication no. 161 of Hisn al-Muslim

   References Muslim 963, Abu Dawud 3201, al-Tirmidhi 1024

6. 6 4th takbirSay “Allahu akbar”, a short supplication, then the salam.

   

   Obligatory (fard)

   Say “Allahu akbar”, pause a moment, and say for example: “Allahumma la tahrimna ajrahu wa la taftinna ba‘dahu” (O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward and do not test us after him).

   Takbir

   اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ

   Allāhu akbarAllahu akbar

   Allah is the Greatest.

   According to the Hanafi school

   After the 4th takbir you give the salam straight away, to the right and to the left.

   The views of the four schools

   Hanafi Obligatory (fard)

   After the 4th takbir you give the salam straight away, to the right and to the left.

   Maliki Obligatory (fard)

   A supplication for the deceased, then a single salam.

   Shafi‘i Pillar (rukn)

   Hanbali Pillar (rukn)

7. 7 The salamGive the salam to the right (and to the left, depending on your school).

   

   Obligatory (wajib)

   Say “As-salamu ‘alaykum wa rahmatu llah”. The prayer is complete; the deceased is then accompanied to the burial.

   Closing salutation (taslim)

   السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ

   As-salāmu ʿalaykum wa raḥmatu llāhAs-salamu ‘alaykum wa rahmatu llah

   Peace and the mercy of Allah be upon you.

   According to the Hanafi school

   Two salams.

   The views of the four schools

   Hanafi Obligatory (wajib)

   Two salams.

   Maliki Obligatory (fard)

   A single salam, to the right.

   Shafi‘i Pillar (rukn)

   Two salams (the second is a sunnah).

   Hanbali Pillar (rukn)

   A single salam, to the right.

A learning guide based on the references cited. For a particular case, ask a person of knowledge. References al-Bukhari 1245, Muslim 951, al-Bukhari 1335, Muslim 963, al-Bukhari 1325, al-Bukhari 1332, Muslim 964, Abu Dawud 3194, al-Bukhari 1, Abu Dawud 3201, al-Tirmidhi 1024