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Mishkat al-MasabihBusiness Transactions

Mishkat al-Masabih 2974

Chapter: Tending palm-trees and Tilling land in return for some of the Produce - Section 1

Authentic graded by Al-Albani Mishkat al-Masabih 2974

وَعَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خديج قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَمَّايَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُكْرُونَ الْأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا يَنْبُتُ عَلَى الْأَرْبَعَاءِ أَوْ شَيْءٍ يَسْتَثْنِيهِ صَاحِبُ الْأَرْضِ فَنَهَانَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لِرَافِعٍ: فَكَيْفَ هِيَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَالدَّنَانِيرِ؟ فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ بِهَا بَأْسٌ وَكَأَنَّ الَّذِي نُهِيَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ مَا لَوْ نَظَرَ فِيهِ ذَوُو الْفَهْمِ بِالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ لَمْ يُجِيزُوهُ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْمُخَاطَرَةِ

Hanzala b. Qais quoted Rafi‘ b. Khadij to the effect that his two paternal uncles told him they used to let out land in the time of the Prophet for what grew by the streamlets, or for something the owner of the land set aside, but the Prophet forbade them to do that. He asked Rafi’ how the matter would stand if payment were made in dirhams and dinars and he replied that there would be no harm in that. It seemed that what was prohibited was such as people versed in what is allowed and what is prohibited would not permit if they looked into it, because of the risk involved*. * The objection to such an agreement is that one cannot guarantee beforehand what a particular piece of land will produce. (Bukhari and Muslim.)

Reported by Al-Bukhari (No. 2346) and Ahmad (No. 16640). Cited in Mishkat al-Masabih (No. 2974).

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Scholars’ grades

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Al-Albanid. 1420 AH Authenticمُتَّفق عَلَيْهِ The hadith تحقيق مشكاة المصابيح

Other versions

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 2346

Rafi` bin Khadij said, "My two uncles told me that they (i.e. the companions of the Prophet) used to rent the land in the lifetime of the Prophet (ﷺ) for the yield on the banks of water streams (rivers) or for a portion of the yield stipulated by the owner of the land. The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade it."…

أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُكْرُونَ الأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِمَا يَنْبُتُ عَلَى الأَرْبِعَاءِ أَوْ شَىْءٍ يَسْتَثْنِيهِ صَاحِبُ الأَرْضِ فَنَهَى النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنْ ذَلِكَ

Narrated by Zuhayr ibn Rāfi

Also reported by… (4)
  • السنن الصغير للبيهقي (990)يُكْرُونَ الأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الأَرْبِعَاءِ أَوْ شَيْءٍ يَسْتَثْنِيهِ صَاحِبُ الأَرْضِ ، فَنَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ
  • السنن الكبرى للبيهقي (10826)يُكْرُونَ الأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِمَّا يُنْبِتُ عَلَى الأَرْبِعَاءِ أَوْ شَيْءٍ يَسْتَثْنِيهِ صَاحِبُ الأَرْضِ ، فَنَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ
  • شرح السنة (2181)كَانُوا يُكْرُونَ الأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا يَنبُتُ عَلَى الأَرْبَعَاءِ ، أَوْ شَيْءٌ يَسْتَثْنِيهِ صَاحِبُ الأَرْضِ ، فَنَهَانَا النَّبِيّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ
  • مشكل الآثار للطحاوي (2267)كَانُوا يُكْرُونَ الأَرْضَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَا يَنْبُتُ عَلَى الأَرْبَعَاءِ وَشَيْءٍ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ يَسْتَثْنِيهِ صَاحِبُ الأَرْضِ , فَنَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ .

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