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Sahih MuslimThe Book of Menstruation

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to perform Ghusl (ritual bath) from Janābah (major ritual impurity) using one Sā‘ of water, and he would perform Wudū’ (ablution) with one Mudd

Chapter: The amount of water with which it is recommended to perform ghusl in the case of janabah; a man and woman washing from a single vessel; one of them washing with the left-over water of the other

Authentic hadith of Sahih Muslim Sahih Muslim 326a

Narrator:Safīna

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَامِلٍ الْجَحْدَرِيُّ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ، - قَالَ أَبُو كَامِلٍ حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرٌ، - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو رَيْحَانَةَ، عَنْ سَفِينَةَ، قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم

يُغَسِّلُهُ الصَّاعُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ وَيُوَضِّؤُهُ الْمُدُّ ‏.‏

Safīnah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to perform Ghusl (ritual bath) from Janābah (major ritual impurity) using one Sā‘ of water, and he would perform Wudū’ (ablution) with one Mudd.

Reported by Muslim (No. 326a).

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Explanation

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to take a bath from Janābah with one Sā‘ and perform ablution with one Mudd. One Sā‘ equals four Mudds, and one Mudd is the amount that would fill the palms of an average-sized person.

Lessons

  • It is prescribed to use water moderately for ablution and ritual bathing and not to use it wastefully, even if water is abundant.
  • It is recommended to use little water for ablution and ritual baths, as needed. This is the guidance of the Prophet (ﷺ).
  • The bottom line is to perform ablution and ritual baths thoroughly while observing the relevant Sunnah acts and etiquettes, without extravagance or stinginess. One should take into account the time, the abundance or shortage of water, and so on.
  • Janābah applies to anyone who has ejaculated or engaged in sexual intercourse. It was called as such because the one in a state of Janābah should keep away (Ijtināb) from prayer and other acts of worship until he is purified from it.
  • Sā‘: a well-known measure. It refers to the Prophetic Sā‘, which weighs 480 Miskals of good wheat, or 3 liters.
  • Mudd: a Shar‘i unit of measurement, which is the handfuls of a moderate person when he fills both hands and extends them. Mudd is a quarter of a Sā‘, by consensus among the scholars, and it equals 750 milliliters.

Explanation in Arabic

كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يغتسل من الجنابة بالصاع، ويتوضأ بالمد، والصاع: أربعة أمداد، والمد: مِقْدار مِلء كفَّي إنسانٍ مُعتدلِ الخِلْقة.

  • مشروعية الاقتصاد في ماء الوضوء والغسل، وعدم الإسراف ولو كان الماء مُتيسّرًا.
  • استحباب التقليل في ماء الوضوء والغسل بقدر الحاجة، وأن هذا هو هدي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم.
  • المقصود الاستيفاء في الوضوء والغسل مع مراعاة السنن والآداب بلا إسراف ولا تقتير، ويراعى الوقت وكثرة الماء وقلته وغير ذلك.
  • تطلق الجنابة على كل من أنزل المنيَّ أو جامع، وسميت بذلك لاجتناب صاحبها الصلاة والعبادات حتى يطهر منها.
  • الصاع: مكيال معروف، والمراد به الصاع النبوي، ويبلغ وزنه (480) مثقالًا من البر الجيد، وباللتر (3 لترات).
  • المد: وحدةُ كيلٍ شرعية، وهي ملء كفي الإنسان المعتدل إذا ملأهما ومَدَّ يدَه بهما، والمد ربع الصاع باتفاق الفقهاء، ومقداره (750) ملل.

Classical commentary

An-Nawawi — Sharh Sahih Muslim

قَوْله : ( حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو رَيْحَانَة عَنْ سَفِينَة ) اِسْم أَبِي رَيْحَانَة عَبْد اللَّه بْن مَطَر , وَيُقَال : زِيَاد بْن مَطَر. وَأَمَّا سَفِينَة فَهُوَ صَاحِب رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , وَمَوْلَاهُ , يُقَال : اِسْمه مِهْرَانُ بْن فَرُّوخ , وَقِيلَ : اِسْمه بَحْرَان , وَقِيلَ : رُومَان , وَقِيلَ : قَيْس , وَقِيلَ : عُمَيْر , وَقِيلَ شُنْبَة بِإِسْكَانِ النُّون بَعْد الشِّين وَبَعْدهَا بَاءَ مُوَحَّدَة , كُنْيَتُهُ الْمَشْهُورَة أَبُو عَبْد الرَّحْمَن , وَقِيلَ : أَبُو الْبُخْتُرِيّ , قِيلَ : سَبَب تَسْمِيَته سَفِينَة أَنَّهُ حَمَلَ مَتَاعًا كَثِيرًا لِرُفْقَةٍ فِي الْغَزْو فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَنْتَ سَفِينَة ".…

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Scholars’ grades

Grade taken from the status of the collection (Sahih Muslim).

On the same subject

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Bulugh al-Maram 56

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used only one Mudd of water for ablution and one Sa’ to five Mudd of water for his bath [ Agreed upon].

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَتَوَضَّأُ بِالْمُدِّ, وَيَغْتَسِلُ بِالصَّاعِ إِلَى خَمْسَةِ أَمْدَادٍ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْه ِ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- صحيح.‏ رواه البخاري (201)‏، ومسلم (325)‏ (51)‏.‏

+ 3 other versions

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih al-Bukhari 258

Whenever the Prophet (ﷺ) took the bath of Janaba (sexual relation or wet dream) he asked for the Hilab or some other scent. He used to take it in his hand, rub it first over the right side of his head and then over the left and then rub the middle of his head with both hands.

دَعَا بِشَىْءٍ نَحْوَ الْحِلاَبِ، فَأَخَذَ بِكَفِّهِ، فَبَدَأَ بِشِقِّ رَأْسِهِ الأَيْمَنِ ثُمَّ الأَيْسَرِ، فَقَالَ بِهِمَا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ‏.‏

Narrated by Ā’ishah + 3 other versions

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 251

`Aisha's brother and I went to `Aisha and he asked her about the bath of the Prophet. She brought a pot containing about a Sa` of water and took a bath and poured it over her head and at that time there was a screen between her and us.

فَدَعَتْ بِإِنَاءٍ نَحْوًا مِنْ صَاعٍ، فَاغْتَسَلَتْ وَأَفَاضَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِهَا، وَبَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهَا حِجَابٌ‏.‏

Narrated by Ā’ishah + 1 other version

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