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Sahih MuslimThe Book on Government

If someone comes to you seeking to undermine your solidarity or disrupt your unity when you have agreed on one man, kill him

Chapter: The ruling on one who seeks to divide the muslims when they are united

Authentic hadith of Sahih Muslim Sahih Muslim 1852c

Narrator:Arfaja

وَحَدَّثَنِي عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ ‏"‏

مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمِيعٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَشُقَّ عَصَاكُمْ أَوْ يُفَرِّقَ جَمَاعَتَكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُ ‏"

‘Arfajah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say:

"If someone comes to you seeking to undermine your solidarity or disrupt your unity when you have agreed on one man, kill him."

Reported by Muslim (No. 1852c).

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Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) points out that if the Muslims agreed upon one ruler and one group, and then someone comes and wants to challenge his authority or cause disunity among the Muslims and disperse them into different groups, they are obligated to stop him and fight him to ward off his evil and prevent bloodshed among the Muslims.

Lessons

  • It is obligatory to listen and obey the Muslim ruler unless disobedience to Allah is involved, and it is prohibited to revolt against him.
  • If anyone revolts against the ruler of the Muslims and their community, it is obligatory to fight him, regardless of his status and nobility.
  • The Muslims are urged to unite and keep away from disunity and disharmony.

Explanation in Arabic

يُبَيِّنُ النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أنَّ المسلمين إذا اجتمعوا على حاكمٍ واحد، وجماعة واحدة، ثم جاء مَن يريد أن يُنازِعَه الحُكْمَ، أو أراد تفريقَ المسلمين لأكثر من جماعة، وجب عليهم منعُه وقتالُه؛ دفعًا لشرِّه وحقنًا لدماء المسلمين.

  • وجوب السمع والطاعة لولي أمر المسلمين في غير معصية، وتحريم الخروج عليه.
  • مَن خَرَجَ على إمام المسلمين وجماعتهم فإنه يجب قتاله مهما كانت منزلته شَرَفًا ونَسَبًا.
  • الحث على الاجتماع وعدم التفرُّق والاختلاف.

Classical commentary

An-Nawawi — Sharh Sahih Muslim

وَقَوْله صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( يُرِيد أَنْ يَشُقّ عَصَاكُمْ ) مَعْنَاهُ : يُفَرِّق جَمَاعَتكُمْ كَمَا تُفَرَّقُ الْعُصَاة الْمَشْقُوقَة , وَهُوَ عِبَارَة عَنْ اِخْتِلَاف الْكَلِمَة وَتَنَافُر النُّفُوس.…

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Scholars’ grades

Grade taken from the status of the collection (Sahih Muslim).

Other versions

Authentic Mishkat al-Masabih 3678

He told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “If anyone comes to you when you are united under one man desiring to split you or cause parties in your community, kill him.” Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمِيعٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَشُقَّ عَصَاكُمْ أوْ يُفرِّقَ جماعتكم فَاقْتُلُوهُ» . رَوَاهُ…

Also reported by… (4)
  • السنن الكبرى للبيهقي (15345)مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمْعٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ ، يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَشُقَّ عَصَاكُمْ أَوْ يُفَرِّقَ جَمَاعَتَكُمْ ، فَاقْتُلُوهُ
  • المعجم الكبير للطبراني (13827)مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمِيعٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ جَمَاعَتَكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُ
  • مستخرج أبي عوانة (5633)مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمِيعٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَشُقَّ عَصَاكُمْ ، وَيُفَرِّقَ جَمَاعَتَكُمْ ، فَاقْتُلُوهُ
  • موضح أوهام الجمع والتفريق للخطيب (725)مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ ، وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمِيعٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَشُقَّ عَصَاكُمْ ، وَيُفَرِّقَ جَمَاعَتَكُمْ ، فَاقْتُلُوهُ

On the same subject

Not graded Mishkat al-Masabih 3552

Usama b. Sharik reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Cut off the head of any man who goes out and causes division among my people.” Nasa’i transmitted it.

عَن أُسَامَةَ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ خَرَجَ يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أُمَّتِي فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ» . رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ

Narrated by Usāma ibn Sharīk + 1 other version

Authentic Sunan Abu Dawud 4762

various corruptions will arise in my community, so strike with sword the one who tries to cause separation in the matter of Muslims when they are united, whoever he be.

‏ ‏"‏ سَتَكُونُ فِي أُمَّتِي هَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ، فَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ أَمْرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَهُمْ جَمِيعٌ فَاضْرِبُوهُ بِالسَّيْفِ كَائِنًا مَنْ كَانَ ‏"

Narrated by Arfaja + 6 other versions

Authentic Sunan an-Nasa'i 4021

"The Prophet [SAW] said: 'After me there will be many calamities and much evil behavior.' He raised his hands (and said): 'Whomever you see trying to create division among the Ummah of Muhammad [SAW] when they are all united, kill him, no matter who he is among the people.'"

"‏ إِنَّهَا سَتَكُونُ بَعْدِي هَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ - وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ - فَمَنْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ يُرِيدُ تَفْرِيقَ أَمْرِ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُمْ جَمِيعٌ فَاقْتُلُوهُ كَائِنًا مَنْ كَانَ مِنَ…

Narrated by Arfaja + 1 other version

Authentic chain Sunan an-Nasa'i 4020

"I saw the Prophet [SAW] on the Minbar addressing the people. He said: 'After me there will be many calamities and much evil behavior. Whoever you see splitting away from the Jama'ah or trying to create division among the Ummah of Muhammad [SAW], then kill him, for the Hand of Allah is with the…

"‏ إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ بَعْدِي هَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ فَمَنْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَارَقَ الْجَمَاعَةَ أَوْ يُرِيدُ تَفْرِيقَ أَمْرِ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَائِنًا مَنْ كَانَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ فَإِنَّ يَدَ اللَّهِ عَلَى…

Narrated by Arfaja

Differing grades Sunan an-Nasa'i 4022

"I heard the Messenger of Allah [SAW] say: 'After me there will be many calamities and much evil behavior. Whoever wants to create division among the Ummah (of Muhammad [SAW]) when they are all united, strike him with the sword.'"

"‏ سَتَكُونُ بَعْدِي هَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ فَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ أَمْرَ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُمْ جَمْعٌ فَاضْرِبُوهُ بِالسَّيْفِ ‏"

Narrated by Arfaja

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