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Sahih MuslimThe Book of Suckling

It was revealed in the Qur'an that: ten times of breastfeeding known with certainty establish prohibition (Mahram relationship through breastfeeding); then that was abrogated and replaced with five times of breastfeeding known with certainty. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) died while these (words of the abrogating verse) were still being recited as part of the Qur'an

Chapter: Becoming Mahram is established by Five Breastfeedings

Authentic hadith of Sahih Muslim Sahih Muslim 1452a

Narrator:Ā’ishah

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ

كَانَ فِيمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ عَشْرُ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ نُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُنَّ فِيمَا يُقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ‏.‏

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: It was revealed in the Qur'an that: ten times of breastfeeding known with certainty establish prohibition (Mahram relationship through breastfeeding); then that was abrogated and replaced with five times of breastfeeding known with certainty. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) died while these (words of the abrogating verse) were still being recited as part of the Qur'an.

Reported by Muslim (No. 1452a), Abu Dawud (No. 2062), An-Nasa’i (No. 3307) and Ad-Darimi (No. 2153).

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Explanation

According to this Hadīth, the Qur’an initially stated that ten times of confirmed breastfeeding make the breastfed person Mahram (unmarriageable) to those who shared breastfeeding from the same woman and their Mahram relatives. Yet, both the ruling and wording of this verse were abrogated and replaced with another verse stipulating five times of confirmed breastfeeding. Later, only the wording of the latter verse was abrogated while its ruling remained in force. As for ‘Ā'ishah's statement that the Prophet died while this verse was still being recited as part of the Qur'an, it means that the abrogation came so late that news of it did not reach some people and, thus, they continued reciting the abrogated verse as part of the Qur’an due to their ignorance of its abrogation.

Explanation in Arabic

في هذا الحديث بيان أنَّ الرضاع المحرِّم كان في أول الأمر عشر رضعات نزل بها القرآن، فنسخ لفظه وحُكمه، إلى خمس رضعات يحرمن، وتوفي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهنَّ مما يقرأ، لتَأَخَّرَ إِنْزالُ الناسخ جدًّاً، حتى خفي على بعض الناس، وكان يقرأ الآية المنسوخة على انها من القرآن.

  • أن الرضاع الذي تثبت به الحرمة خمس رضعات، وما نقص عنها فلا يُحرِّم.
  • إثبات علو الله تعالى؛ لأن النزول لا يكون إلا من أعلى.
  • أنه لا يجوز العمل بالمنسوخ.
  • خفاء النسخ على بعض الصحابة، وهذا لا يؤثر في حفظ القرآن الكريم.

Classical commentary

An-Nawawi — Sharh Sahih Muslim

وَقَوْلهَا : ( فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُنَّ فِيمَا يُقْرَأ ) هُوَ بِضَمِّ الْيَاء مِنْ ( يَقْرَأ ) وَمَعْنَاهُ أَنَّ النَّسْخ بِخَمْس رَضَعَاتٍ تَأَخَّر إِنْزَالُهُ جِدًا حَتَى أَنْهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم تُوفِي وَبَعْض النَّاس يَقْرَأ خَمْس رَضَعَات وَيَجْعَلهَا قُرْآنًا مَتْلُوًّا لِكَوْنِهِ لَمْ يَبْلُغهُ النَّسْخ لِقُرْبِ عَهْده فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ النَّسْخ بَعْد ذَلِكَ رَجَعُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا لَا يُتْلَى. وَالنَّسْخ ثَلَاثَة أَنْوَاع أَحَدهَا مَا نُسِخَ حُكْمه وَتِلَاوَته كَعَشْرِ رَضَعَات , وَالثَّانِي مَا نُسِخَتْ تِلَاوَته دُون حُكْمه كَخَمْسِ رَضَعَات وَالشَّيْخ وَالشَّيْخَة إِذَا زَنَيَا فَارْجُمُوهُمَا ,…

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Scholars’ grades

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Muslimd. 261 AH Authenticصحيح The hadith صحيح مسلم No. 1452
Grades of other versions (6)
  • Authentic chainShu'ayb al-Arna'ut إسناده صحيح على شرط الشيخين — تخريج مشكل الآثار (4566)
  • Authentic chainShu'ayb al-Arna'ut إسناده صحيح — تخريج صحيح ابن حبان (4222)
  • Ibn Abd al-Barr هذا أصح إسناد لهذا الحديث عن عائشة — التمهيد (17/215)
  • AuthenticIbn Abd al-Barr صحيح — الاستذكار (5/259)
  • AuthenticIbn Hibban أخرجه في صحيحه — صحيح ابن حبان (4222)
  • Al-Tahawi لم يقل هو ممن يقرأ من القرآن غير عبد الله بن أبي بكر وهو عندنا وهم منه — شرح مشكل الآثار (5/311)

Other versions

Authentic Sunan Abu Dawud 2062

A’ishah said “In what was sent down in the Qu’ran ten suckling’s made marriage unlawful, but they were abrogated by five known ones and when the Prophet (ﷺ) dies, these words were among what was recited in the Qur’an.”

أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ عَشْرُ رَضَعَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ ثُمَّ نُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ فَتُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُنَّ مِمَّا يُقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ‏.‏

Narrated by Ā’ishah

Authentic Sunan an-Nasa'i 3307

"One of the things that Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed" -(one of the narrators) Al-Harith said (in his narration): "One of the things that were revealed in the Qur'an"- "was that ten known breast-feedings make marriage prohibited, then that was abrogated and changed to five known…

فِيمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ فِيمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ - عَشْرُ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ ثُمَّ نُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم…

Narrated by Ā’ishah

Not graded Bulugh al-Maram 1131

In what was sent down in the Qur'an was 'ten known sucklings made marriage unlawful'. Afterwards, they were abrogated by 'five known ones.' Then, when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) died these words were among what was recited in the Qur'an. [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْهَا قَالَتْ: { كَانَ فِيمَا أُنْزِلُ فِي اَلْقُرْآنِ: عَشْرُ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ, ثُمَّ نُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ, فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-وَهِيَ 1‏ فِيمَا يُقْرَأُ…

Authentic Mishkat al-Masabih 3167

‘A’isha said that in what was sent down in the Qur’an ten known sucklings made marriage unlawful, but they were abrogated by five known ones, and when God’s Messenger died these words were among what was recited in the Qur’an. Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ فِيمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ: «عَشْرُ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ» . ثُمَّ نُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهِيَ…

Narrated by Ā’ishah

Also reported by… (3)
  • الأم للشافعي (1153)أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْقُرْآنِ عَشْرُ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ ، ثُمَّ نُسْخِنْ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ ، فَتُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهُنَّ مِمَّا يُقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ
  • صحيح ابن حبان (4309)نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ بِعَشْرِ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ ، ثُمَّ نُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسِ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُنَّ مِمَّا نَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ
  • صحيح ابن حبان (4310)فِيمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ عَشْرُ رَضَعَاتٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ يُحَرِّمْنَ ، ثُمَّ نُسِخْنَ بِخَمْسٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُنَّ مِمَّا نَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ

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