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Mishkat al-MasabihBusiness Transactions

Whatever a needy person eats without putting any in his pocket (and taking it away), there is no penalty on him. But whoever takes something away, he must pay a fine of twice its value and receive punishment. Whoever steals something after it has been stored properly, and its value amounts to the price of a shield, his hand must be cut off

Chapter: Finds - Section 2

Good (hasan) graded by Al-Albani Mishkat al-Masabih 3036

عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ وَمَنْ سَرَقَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُؤْوِيَهُ الْجَرِينَ فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَطْعُ» وَذَكَرَ فِي ضَالَّة الْإِبِل وَالْغنم كَمَا ذكر غَيْرُهُ قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ: «مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا فِي الطَّرِيقِ الْمِيتَاءِ وَالْقَرْيَةِ الْجَامِعَةِ فَعَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا فَادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ فَهُوَ لَكَ وَمَا كَانَ فِي الْخَرَابِ الْعَادِيِّ فَفِيهِ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ» . رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنْهُ مِنْ قَوْله: وَسُئِلَ عَن اللّقطَة إِلَى آخِره

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about fruit on the tree. He said: "Whatever a needy person eats without putting any in his pocket (and taking it away), there is no penalty on him. But whoever takes something away, he must pay a fine of twice its value and receive punishment. Whoever steals something after it has been stored properly, and its value amounts to the price of a shield, his hand must be cut off."

Reported by Abu Dawud (No. 1710, 4390), At-Tirmidhi (No. 1289) and An-Nasa’i (No. 4958). Cited in Mishkat al-Masabih (No. 3036).

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Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked whether it is permissible to eat from the fruit on a tree that belongs to others. He said that picking something to eat immediately, without taking some of it in his clothes, is not punishable. The custom is that such a small amount is usually tolerated. However, if someone leaves an orchard, taking away an amount of produce with him, he has to guarantee it (i.e. pay its price) and receive punishment because he has taken something that is unlawful to him. Finally, taking an amount that is equal in value to a shield in the Prophet's time – which is the minimum amount for applying the corporal punishment for theft – from the storage and drying place, such an act is robbery and is punishable by cutting off the thief's hand, if the other conditions of cutting off are met.

Explanation in Arabic

سئل النبي -عليه الصلاة والسلام- عن الثمر المدلى في الشجر هل يجوز الأكل منه؟ فأخبر أن من أخذ بفمه، أي قطف ليأكل في مكانه، من غير أن يحمل في ثوبه فلا شيء عليه؛ لكونه جرت العادة بالتسامح في مثله؛ لأنه قليل عادةً، لكن من خرج من البستان ومعه منه شيء فإنه يضمنه ويعاقب لكونه أخذ شيئا لا يحل له، أما من أخذ من الثمر بقدر قيمة الترس في العهد النبوي -وهو نصاب السرقة- بعد أن يحرز ويخبأ في موضع التجفيف والتخزين، فهذا حكمه حكم السارق لأنه أخذ شيئًا من الحرز فعليه القطع إذا توفرت شروط القطع الأخرى.

  • إذا مر الإنسان بالتمر على رؤوس النخل، أو الثمر في الشجرة، أو الماشية واللبن في ضروعها، فله أن يأكل، أو يشرب حاجته، من غير أن يحمل معه شيئًا؛ لأنَّ أصحاب البساتين، وأصحاب الماشية جرت عادتهم بالسماحة والرضا بمثل هذا، والإذن العرفي، كالإذن اللفظي.
  • لا يجوز أن يأخذ أحد من التمر على رؤوس النخل، ومن الثمر في شجره، ويذهب به، فهذا أخذ من مال الغير بدون إذنه، ولا رضاه، فعليه الغرامة بالمثل، أو القيمة، وعليه التعزير بما يراه الحاكم بدون قطع؛ لأنَّه لم يأخذ مالاً من حرزه.
  • لا يجوز أن يأخذ من الطعام المودعَ في الجرِين والبيدر، فإذا بلغ ما أخذه قدر نصاب حد السرقة فعليه الحد بقطع يده.
  • أن من سرق من غير حرز ضوعفت عليه القيمة عقوبة له.
  • الحديث دليل على اشتراط الحرز في المسروق.
  • اشتراط النصاب في السرقة لقوله: "فبلغ ثمن المجن".

Scholars’ grades

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Al-Albanid. 1420 AH Good (hasan)حسن The hadith تحقيق مشكاة المصابيح

Other versions

Differing grades Sunan Abu Dawud 1710

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about the hanging fruit. He replied: If a needy person takes some and does not take a supply away in his garment, he is not to be blamed, but he who carries any of it away is to be find twice the value and punished, and he who steals any of it after it has been…

أَصَابَ بِفِيهِ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلاَ شَىْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَىْءٍ مِنْهُ فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ وَمَنْ سَرَقَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُئْوِيَهُ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr

Good (hasan) Sunan Abu Dawud 4390

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about fruit which was bung up and said: If a needy person takes some with his mouth and does not take a supply away in his garment, there is nothing on him, but he who carries any of it is to be fined twice the value and punished, and he who steals any of it…

مَنْ أَصَابَ بِفِيهِ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلاَ شَىْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَىْءٍ مِنْهُ فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ وَمَنْ سَرَقَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُئْوِيَهُ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr

Good (hasan) Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1289

From his father, from his grandfather, that the Prophet (ﷺ) was asked about hanging fruits (on the trees), so he said: "Whoever is in need and picks some of it without taking any in his garment, then there is no sin upon him." [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

"‏ مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلاَ شَىْءَ عَلَيْهِ ‏"

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr

Good (hasan) Sunan an-Nasa'i 4958

"Whatever a needy person takes without putting any in his pocket (and taking it away), there is no penalty on him. But whoever takes anything away, he must pay a penalty of twice its value, and be punished. Whoever steals something after it has been stored properly, and its value is equal to that…

"‏ مَا أَصَابَ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرِ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلاَ شَىْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَىْءٍ مِنْهُ فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ وَمَنْ سَرَقَ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُئْوِيَهُ الْجَرِينُ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr

Not graded Bulugh al-Maram 1237

'Abdullah bin 'Amro bin al-'As (RAA) narrated, 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about dated which are still hanging on the palm tree, he then said, "If a needy person eats some dates, but without taking a supply away in his garment, he is not to be blamed, but if anyone takes away any of it…

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-؛ { أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ التَّمْرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ؟ فَقَالَ: "مَنْ أَصَابَ بِفِيهِ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr

Good (hasan) Mishkat al-Masabih 3594

‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, said his grandfather, ‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr b. al-‘As, told that God’s Messenger was asked about fruit which was hung up and said, “If anyone steals any of it after it is put in the place where it is dried and it amounts to the price of a shield, he must have…

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ قَالَ: «مَنْ سَرَقَ…

Also reported by… (5)
  • التمهيد لابن عبد البر (3354)الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ ، فَقَالَ : مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْئَةً ، فَلا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَيْءٍ فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ
  • التمهيد لابن عبد البر (4293)عَنِ الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ ، قَالَ : مَا أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حاجة غير مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْئَةً فَلا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ ، وَمَنْ سَرَقَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُؤْوِيَهُ الْجَرِينُ ، فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ ، فعَلَيْهِ ا
  • السنن الكبرى للنسائي (7151)الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ ، فَقَالَ : مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً ، فَلا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ ، وَمَنْ سَرَقَ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُؤْوِيَهُ الْجَرِينُ ، فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ ، فَعَ
  • المحلى بالآثار لابن حزم (1621)التَّمْرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ ؟ فَقَالَ : مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِوَالْعُقُوبَةُ وَمَنْ سَرَقَ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُؤْوِيَهُ الْجَرِينُ فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ فَعَلَيْهِ ا
  • معرفة السنن والآثار للبيهقي (4999)مَنْ أَصَابَ بُغْيَةً مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ ، فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةٌ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ ، وَمَنْ سَرَقَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُؤْوِيَهُ الْجَرِينُ ، فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَطْعُ

On the same subject

Not graded Mishkat al-Masabih 3595

‘Abdallah b. ‘Abd ar-Rahman b. Abu Husain al-Makki reported God’s Messenger as saying, “A hand is not to be cut off for fruit which is hung up, or for a sheep stolen by night from the mountain;* but when the sheep is in its fold or the fruit in the place where it is dried a hand is to be cut off…

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ الْمَكِّيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ معلَّقٍ وَلَا فِي حَرِيسَةِ جَبَلٍ فَإِذَا آوَاهُ…

+ 1 other version

Good (hasan) Sunan Ibn Majah 2596

He said: “What is taken from the tree and carried away, its value and the like of it along with it (meaning double its price must be paid). What (is taken) from the place where dates are dried, (the penalty) is cutting off the hand if the amount taken is equal to the price of a shield. But if (the…

"‏ مَا أُخِذَ فِي أَكْمَامِهِ فَاحْتُمِلَ فَثَمَنُهُ وَمِثْلُهُ مَعَهُ وَمَا كَانَ فِي الْجِرَانِ فَفِيهِ الْقَطْعُ إِذَا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ وَإِنْ أَكَلَ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr

Good (hasan) Sunan an-Nasa'i 4957

"The Messenger of Allah was asked: 'For how much is the hand (of the thief) to be cut off?' He said: 'The hand (of the thief) is not to be cut off for (stealing) fruit on the tree, but if (the fruit) has been taken to the place where it is stored to dry, then the (thief's) hand is to be cut off (if…

"‏ لاَ تُقْطَعُ الْيَدُ فِي ثَمَرٍ مُعَلَّقٍ فَإِذَا ضَمَّهُ الْجَرِينُ قُطِعَتْ فِي ثَمَنِ الْمِجَنِّ وَلاَ تُقْطَعُ فِي حَرِيسَةِ الْجَبَلِ فَإِذَا آوَى الْمُرَاحَ قُطِعَتْ فِي ثَمَنِ الْمِجَنِّ ‏"

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr

Good (hasan) Sunan an-Nasa'i 4959

'O Messenger of Allah, what do you think about a sheep stolen from the pasture?" He said: "(The thief must pay) double and be punished. There is no cutting off of the hand for (stealing) livestock, except what which has been put in the pen, if its value is equal to that of a shield, in which case…

"‏ هِيَ وَمِثْلُهَا وَالنَّكَالُ وَلَيْسَ فِي شَىْءٍ مِنَ الْمَاشِيَةِ قَطْعٌ إِلاَّ فِيمَا آوَاهُ الْمُرَاحُ فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ فَفِيهِ قَطْعُ الْيَدِ وَمَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ فَفِيهِ غَرَامَةُ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr

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