Business TransactionsPage 5

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and asked him about an item found (in the street). He replied, "Note what it is contained in, and what it is tied with, and make the matter known for a year. Then, if its owner comes (give it to him). Otherwise, you can do what you like with it." He asked, "What about…

وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ اَلْجُهَنِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : { جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ ? فَقَالَ : " اِعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا , ثُمَّ عَرِّفْهَا…

Narrated by Zayd ibn Khālid al-Juhani + 21 other versions

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "He who shelters a stray (animal) is astray himself if he does not make it known." [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ مَنْ آوَى ضَالَّةً فَهُوَ ضَالٌّ , مَا لَمْ يُعَرِّفْهَا } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِم ٌ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- صحيح .‏ رواه مسلم ( 1725 )‏.‏

+ 3 other versions

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "He who finds something should call two trusty people as witnesses, keep in mind what it is contained in, and what it is tied with, and not conceal it or cover it up. Then, if its owner comes, he has the most right to it. Otherwise, it is Allah's property which He gives…

وَعَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ مَنْ وَجَدَ لُقَطَةً فَلْيُشْهِدْ ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ , وَلْيَحْفَظْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا , ثُمَّ لَا يَكْتُمْ , وَلَا…

Narrated by Iyād ibn Himār + 5 other versions

The Prophet (ﷺ) prohibited taking what a pilgrim has dropped (lost). [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-نَهَى عَنْ لُقَطَةِ اَلْحَاجِّ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِم ٌ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- صحيح .‏ رواه مسلم (1724)‏.‏

Narrated by Abd ar-Rahman ibn Uthmān at-Taymī + 3 other versions

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A beast of prey with a fang, a domestic donkey, and a lost item from the property of a Mu'ahid (a disbeliever who has been given a covenant) - unless it is something worthless - are not lawful." [Reported by Abu Dawud].

وَعَنْ اَلْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ أَلَا لَا يَحِلُّ ذُو نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ , وَلَا اَلْحِمَارُ اَلْأَهْلِيُّ , وَلَا اَللُّقَطَةُ…

Narrated by Al-Miqdām ibn Ma‘di Karib

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), "Give the prescribed shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains goes to the nearest male relative (of the deceased)." [Agreed upon].

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ أَلْحِقُوا اَلْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا , فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏…

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās + 11 other versions

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A Muslim does not inherit from an infidel and an infidel does not inherit from a Muslim." [Agreed upon].

وَعَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ : { لَا يَرِثُ اَلْمُسْلِمُ اَلْكَافِرَ, وَلَا يَرِثُ اَلْكَافِرُ اَلْمُسْلِمَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ ‏1 ‏-…

Narrated by Usāmah ibn Zayd + 2 other versions

The Prophet (ﷺ) ruled, "The daughter gets half and the son's daughter gets a sixth, completing two-thirds, and what remains goes to the sister." [Reported by al-Bukhari].

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- فِي بِنْتٍ , وَبِنْتِ اِبْنٍ , وَأُخْتٍ ‏- { قَضَى اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-" لِلِابْنَةِ اَلنِّصْفَ , وَلِابْنَةِ اَلِابْنِ اَلسُّدُسَ ‏- تَكْمِلَةَ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas‘ūd + 11 other versions

People of two different religions do not inherit from one another

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "People of two different religions do not inherit from one another."

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ إِلَّا اَلتِّرْمِذِيَّ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr + 1 other version Explained

al-Hakim reported it with Usamah's wording.

وَأَخْرَجَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ بِلَفْظِ أُسَامَةَ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- رواه الحاكم (2 / 240)‏ ولفظه : " لا يتوارث أهل ملتين ، ولا يرث مسلم كافرا ، ولا كافر مسلما .‏ ثم قرأ : والذين كفروا بعضهم أولياء بعض إلا تفعلوه تكن فتنة في الأرض…

an-Nasa'i reported Usamah's Hadith with the aforesaid wording.

وَرَوَى النَّسَائِيُّ حَدِيثَ أُسَامَةَ بِهَذَا اَللَّفْظِ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- شاذ ؛ لمخالفة هشيم بن بشير أصحاب الزهري .‏ قال الذهبي في " الميزان " ( 4 / 306 )‏ : " كان مدلسا ، وهو لين في الزهري" .‏ ورواه النسائي في "الكبرى" (…

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "My son's son (grandson) has died, so what do I receive from his estate (inheritance)?" He replied, "You receive a sixth;" then when he turned away he called him and said, "You receive another sixth;" and when he turned away he called him and said, "The other…

وَعَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَينٍ قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَقَالَ : { إِنَّ اِبْنَ اِبْنِي مَاتَ , فَمَا لِي مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ ? فَقَالَ : " لَكَ اَلسُّدُسُ " فَلَمَّا وَلَّى دَعَاهُ…

Narrated by Imrān ibn Husayn + 5 other versions

It is from al-Hasan al-Basri's narration on the authority of 'Imran. However, it has been said that al-Hasan did not hear (Hadith) from 'Imran].

وَهُوَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْبَصْرِيِّ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ , وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْهُ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- ممن جزم بعدم سماعه أبو حاتم، فقال في " الجرح والتعديل " ( 1 / 41 )‏ : " لم يصح له السماع من جندب ، ولا…

The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed a sixth to a grandmother if no mother is left to inherit before her. [Reported by Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i. Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn al-Jarud graded it Sahih (authentic) and Ibn 'Adi graded it strong].

وَعَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ , عَنْ أَبِيهِ ; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-جَعَلَ لِلْجَدَّةِ اَلسُّدُسَ , إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ دُونَهَا أُمٌّ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ , وَالنَّسَائِيُّ , وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ…

+ 2 other versions

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A maternal uncle is heir of him who has no inheritor." [Ahmad and al-Arba'a reported it excluding at-Tirmidhi. Abu Zur'a ar-Razi graded it Hasan (good), and al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic).

وَعَنْ اَلْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ اَلْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ } أَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ سِوَى اَلتِّرْمِذِيِّ…

Narrated by Al-Miqdām ibn Ma‘di Karib

'Umar (RA) wrote to Abu Ubaidah (RA) that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had said: "Allah and His Messenger are the Patrons of him who has none and a maternal uncle is the heir of him who has no inheritor." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a except Abu Dawud. at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good); Ibn Hibban…

وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ قَالَ : { كَتَبَ مَعِي عُمَرُ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ‏- ; أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ : " اَللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا…

Narrated by Abu Umāmah

A newborn who cries after birth is entitled to inheritance

Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A newborn who cries after birth is entitled to inheritance."

وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- عَنْ اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ : { إِذَا اِسْتَهَلَّ اَلْمَوْلُودُ وُرِّثَ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ , وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- صحيح بطرقه وشواهده .‏ رواه…

Narrated by Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh + 3 other versions Explained

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "One who kills a man cannot inherit anything from him." [Reported by an-Nasa'i and ad-Daraqutni. Ibn 'Abdul-Barr graded it Qawiy (strong), while an-Nasa'i declared it to be defective. The right opinion is that it is Mawquf (a saying of a Companion) from 'Umar].

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ , عَنْ أَبِيهِ , عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَيْسَ لِلْقَاتِلِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ شَيْءٌ } رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ , وَاَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ , وَقَوَّاهُ…

+ 35 other versions

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying, "The property which a parent or a child has a right to, goes to his 'Asabah (paternal relatives) whoever it may be. [Reported by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah. Ibn al-Madini and Ibn 'Abdul-Barr graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ اَلْخَطَّابِ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَقُولُ : { مَا أَحْرَزَ اَلْوَالِدُ أَوْ اَلْوَلَدُ فَهُوَ لِعَصَبَتِهِ مَنْ كَانَ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ…

Narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattāb + 3 other versions

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The right to inheritance from a freed slave is a relationship like the relationship of blood relatives (lineage); it cannot be sold or given away." [al-Hakim reported it through ash-Shafi'i's narration from Muhammad bin al-Hasan on the authority of Abu Yusuf. Ibn Hibban…

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ : قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ اَلْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ اَلنَّسَبِ , لَا يُبَاعُ , وَلَا يُوهَبُ } رَوَاهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ : مِنْ…

Narrated by Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar + 2 other versions

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most versed in the rules of inheritance among you is Zaid bin Thabit." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a except Abu Dawud. at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic). However, it was considered defective due to being Mursal (missing link in the…

وَعَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ , عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ أَفْرَضُكُمْ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ } أَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ سِوَى أَبِي دَاوُدَ , وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ…

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "It is not permissible for a Muslim person, who has something he wants to give as a bequest, to have it for two nights without having his will regarding it written and kept ready with him." [Agreed upon].

عَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- ; أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ : { مَا حَقُّ اِمْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُوصِيَ فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ…

Narrated by Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar + 27 other versions

I said, "O Allah's Messenger, I have wealth and no one to inherit from me except my one daughter. Shall I give two-thirds of my property as Sadaqah?" He replied, "No." I said, "Shall I give half of it as Sadaqah?" He replied, "No." I said, "Shall I give a third of it as Sadaqah?" He replied, "You…

وَعَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : قُلْتُ : { يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ! أَنَا ذُو مَالٍ , وَلَا يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا اِبْنَةٌ لِي وَاحِدَةٌ , أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِثُلُثَيْ مَالِي? قَالَ : " لَا " قُلْتُ…

+ 32 other versions

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, my mother had died suddenly, and did not make a will. And I think she would have given out Sadaqah if she had been able to speak, so will she get a reward if I gave out Sadaqah on her behalf?" He replied, "Yes." [Agreed upon; the wording…

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ ‏-رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا‏- { أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ! إِنَّ أُمِّي اُفْتُلِتَتْ نَفْسُهَا وَلَمْ تُوصِ , وَأَظُنُّهَا لَوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ…

Narrated by Ā’ishah + 9 other versions

I heard Allah's Messeneger (ﷺ) saying, "Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no Wasiyah (will) should be made to an heir." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i. Ahmad and at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good), while Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn al-Jarud graded…

وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ اَلْبَاهِلِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَقُولُ : { إِنَّ اَللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ , فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ…

Narrated by Abu Umāmah + 13 other versions

"unless the other heirs wish so." [Its chain of narrators is Hasan (good)].

وَرَوَاهُ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- , وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ : { إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اَلْوَرَثَةُ } وَإِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنٌ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- منكر .‏ رواه الدارقطني ( 4 /98 و 152…

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Allah gave (a favor) as Sadaqah to you a third of your property, when you are about to die, as an increase in your good deeds." [Reported by ad-Daraqutni].

وَعَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ : " قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ 1‏ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِثُلُثِ أَمْوَالِكُمْ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِكُمْ ; زِيَادَةً فِي حَسَنَاتِكُمْ }…

Narrated by Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal

Ahmad and al-Bazzar reported the aforesaid narration from the Hadith of Abu ad-Darda.

وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالْبَزَّارُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي اَلدَّرْدَاءِ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- رواه أحمد ( 6 / 440 ‏- 441 )‏ ، والبزار ( 1382 )‏.‏

While Ibn Majah reported it from the Hadith of Abu Hurairah (RA).

وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ : مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- رواه ابن ماجه ( 27009 )‏.‏

All of them (i.e. these three chains of narrators) are weak. However, they may strengthen one another (becoming Hasan), and Allah Knows Best.

وَكُلُّهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ , لَكِنْ قَدْ يَقْوَى بَعْضُهَا بِبَعْضٍ .‏ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- هي كما قال الحافظ ‏- رحمه الله ‏- لا يخلو طريق واحد منها من الضعيف ، ولكن باجتماعها يصير الحديث حسنا.‏

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There is no liability on him who is entrusted with something." [Ibn Majah reported it, but its chain narrators is Da'if (weak)].

عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ , عَنْ أَبِيهِ , عَنْ جَدِّهِ , عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ : { مَنْ أُودِعَ وَدِيعَةً , فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانٌ } أَخْرَجَهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَهْ , وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ 1‏ .‏…

The Chapter on the division of Sadaqah has preceded at the end of the Book of Zakat.

وَبَابُ قَسْمِ اَلصَّدَقَاتِ تَقَدَّمَ فِي آخِرِ اَلزَّكَاةِ .‏

The Chapter on the division of tributes from territories the Muslims have conquered, and spoils of war, will follow the Book of Jihad, if Allah the Most High wills.

وَبَابُ قَسْمِ اَلْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ يَأْتِي عَقِبَ اَلْجِهَادِ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى .‏