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Sahih al-BukhariJudgments (Ahkaam)

A person from the Ansār declared that a slave of his would be free after he dies.

Chapter: Selling people’s estates by the ruler on their behalf

Authentic hadith of Sahih al-Bukhari Sahih al-Bukhari 7186

Narrator:Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم

أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَعْتَقَ غُلاَمًا عَنْ دُبُرٍ، لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرَهُ، فَبَاعَهُ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ بِثَمَنِهِ إِلَيْهِ‏.‏

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man from the Ansār declared that a slave of his would be free after his death. Another version says that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was told that a man from his Companions declared that a slave of his would be free after his own death although he had no property other than him (this slave). So, the Prophet sold him for eight hundred dirhams and sent the money to him.

Reported by Al-Bukhari (No. 7186).

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Explanation

A man from the Ansār promised that a slave that he owned would be free after his own death although the master had no other property. As the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was told of this, he considered this deal a waste of resources. So, he did not approve of this act. Meanwhile, he sold the slave for eight hundred dirhams and sent the money to the master.

The priority for the poor master was to take care of himself and his family rather than emancipate his productive slave, and thus the indigent family would survive on begging.

Finally, even though this tradition was applicable at some point in history and has no relevance today, something can be learned from it. Slavery is still practiced in some places like Africa, just as it was practiced since the time of Adam until after the coming of Islam. However, the attitude of Islam toward slavery is to eliminate it.

Explanation in Arabic

علق رجل من الأنصار عتق غلامه بموته، ولم يكن له مال غيره، فبلغ ذلك النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فَعَدَّ هذا العتق من التفريط، ولم يقرَّه على هذا الفعل، فردَّه وباع غلامه بثمانمائة درهم، أرسل بها إليه، فإن قيامه بنفسه وأهله أولى له وأفضل من العتق، ولئلا يكون عالَةً على الناس.

ومثل هذه الأحاديث فيها أحكام يتعرف عليها الإنسان ولو لم يعمل بها، ولا ينبغي أن يترك تعلمها وفهمها بحجة أنه لا يوجد رقيق اليوم، فإن الرق موجود في أماكن من أفريقيا، وقد يعود مرة أخرى، وكان موجودًا من قديم الزمان وحتى جاء الإسلام وبعد ذلك، ولكن الإسلام يتشوف للحرية والعتق إذا حصل الرق.

  • صحة التدبير، وهو متفق عليه بين العلماء، ولكن الأنصاري لا يملك غير هذا العبد فلذلك لم يقره النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم-.
  • المدبَّر يعتق من ثلث المال، لا من رأس المال، لأن حكمه حكم الوصية؛ لأن كلا منهما لا ينفذ إلا بعد الموت.
  • جواز بيع العبد المدبر مطلقا للحاجة، كالدَّين والنفقة؛ لأن الوصية يجوز تعديلها.
  • أن الأولى والأحسن لمن ليس عنده سَعَةُ في الرزق أن يجعل ذلك لنفسه ولمن يعول، فهم أولى من غيرهم، ولا ينفقه في نوافل العبادات من الصدقة والعتق ونحوها، أما الذي وسَّعَ الله عليه رزقه، فلْيحرِصْ على اغتنام الفرص بالإنفاق في طرق الخير (وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ شَيْءٍ تَجِدُوُه عِنْدَ الله).

Scholars’ grades

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Al-Bukharid. 256 AH Authenticصحيح The hadith صحيح البخاري No. 7186

On the same subject

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Bulugh al-Maram 1430b

“The man became needy,’ (so the Prophet took the slave and said...).’ A version by An-Nasa’i says, “The man had a debt, so the Prophet sold the slave for eight hundred Dirhams and gave him the money and said, “Pay off your debt.”

عَنْ جَابِرٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ اَلْأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ غُلَامًا لَهُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ, لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ, فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-.‏ فَقَالَ: "مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ…

Narrated by Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh + 3 other versions

Authentic Sahih Muslim 997d

A person amongst the Ansar who had no other property declared a slave free after his death. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sold him, and Ibn al-Nahham bought him and he was a Coptic slave (who) died in the first year of the Caliphate of Ibn Zubair.

دَبَّرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ غُلاَمًا لَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ فَبَاعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏.‏ قَالَ جَابِرٌ فَاشْتَرَاهُ ابْنُ النَّحَّامِ عَبْدًا قِبْطِيًّا مَاتَ عَامَ أَوَّلَ فِي…

Narrated by Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh + 2 other versions

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 2141

A man decided that a slave of his would be manumitted after his death and later on he was in need of money, so the Prophet (ﷺ) took the slave and said, "Who will buy this slave from me?" Nu'aim bin `Abdullah bought him for such and such price and the Prophet (ﷺ) gave him the slave.

رَجُلاً أَعْتَقَ غُلاَمًا لَهُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ، فَاحْتَاجَ فَأَخَذَهُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ ‏"‏ مَنْ يَشْتَرِيهِ مِنِّي ‏"‏ فَاشْتَرَاهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ‏.‏

Narrated by Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh + 1 other version

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 2415

A man manumitted a slave and he had no other property than that, so the Prophet (ﷺ) canceled the manumission (and sold the slave for him). Nu'aim bin Al-Nahham bought the slave from him.

أَنَّ رَجُلاً، أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا لَهُ، لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ، فَرَدَّهُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَابْتَاعَهُ مِنْهُ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ النَّحَّامِ‏.‏

Narrated by Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh + 1 other version

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 2534

A man amongst us declared that his slave would be freed after his death. The Prophet (ﷺ) called for that slave and sold him. The slave died the same year.

أَعْتَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا عَبْدًا لَهُ عَنْ دُبُرٍ، فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِهِ فَبَاعَهُ‏.‏ قَالَ جَابِرٌ مَاتَ الْغُلاَمُ عَامَ أَوَّلَ‏.‏

Narrated by Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh

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