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Sahih MuslimThe Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer

I stand acquitted before Allah that I should take anyone of you as an intimate friend, for Allah has taken me as an intimate friend just as he took Abraham as an intimate friend

Chapter: The prohibition of building masajid over graves and placing images therein; and the prohibition of taking graves as masajid

Authentic hadith of Sahih Muslim Sahih Muslim 532

Narrator:Jundab ibn Abdullah

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، - وَاللَّفْظُ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ - قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ أَخْبَرَنَا وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّاءُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ النَّجْرَانِيِّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي جُنْدَبٌ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ بِخَمْسٍ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ ‏"‏

إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِي مِنْكُمْ خَلِيلٌ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدِ اتَّخَذَنِي خَلِيلاً كَمَا اتَّخَذَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلاً وَلَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا مِنْ أُمَّتِي خَلِيلاً لاَتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَلِيلاً أَلاَ وَإِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ كَانُوا يَتَّخِذُونَ قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ وَصَالِحِيهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ أَلاَ فَلاَ تَتَّخِذُوا الْقُبُورَ مَسَاجِدَ إِنِّي أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ‏"

Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) reported:

I heard the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) five (nights) before he died, say: "I stand acquitted before Allah that I should take anyone of you as an intimate friend, for Allah has taken me as an intimate friend just as he took Abraham as an intimate friend. Had I taken anyone from my Ummah as an intimate friend, I would have taken Abu Bakr as an intimate friend. Beware! Those who were before you used to take the graves of their prophets as places for prayer. Beware! Do not take graves as places for prayer, for I forbid you to do so."

Reported by Muslim (No. 532).

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Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) talked about his status in the sight of Allah Almighty and that it reached the highest level of love as reached by Abraham (peace be upon him). That is why he denied that he should have an intimate friend other than Allah, for his heart was full of love and exaltation for Allah and knowledge about Him; so, it does not have room for anyone else. Had he taken an intimate friend from among the people, he would have been Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Then, he warned against exceeding the permissible bounds regarding love, as done by the Jews and the Christians regarding the graves of their prophets and righteous people, so much that they turned them into polytheistic gods to be worshiped apart from Allah and built places of worship over those graves. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade his Ummah from doing what they did.

Lessons

  • This points out the merit of Abu Bakr as-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with him). He was the best among the Companions and the most entitled to succeed the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) after his death.
  • Building places of worship over graves is one of the evil acts done by previous nations.
  • It is prohibited to take graves as places of worship, with prayer being offered therein or towards them, or to construct places of worship or domes over them, lest this should lead to polytheism.
  • It warns against going to extremes in revering the righteous people for this is conducive to polytheism.
  • It demonstrates the seriousness of what the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) warned of, as he stressed it five days before his death.

Explanation in Arabic

أَخْبَرَ النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عن مكانتِه عند الله تعالى، وأنها بَلَغتْ أعلى درجات المحبة، كما نالها إبراهيم عليه السلام، ولذلك نفى أن يكون له خليلٌ غيرُ الله؛ لأنَّ قلبه امتلأ من محبة الله تعالى وتعظيمه ومعرفته، فلا يَتَّسع لأحد غير الله، ولو كان له خليلٌ من الخلق لكان أبا بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه.

ثم حَذَّر من مجاوزة الحد الجائز في المحبة كما فعلت اليهود والنصارى في قبور أنبيائهم وصالحيهم حتى صيّروها آلهة شركية تُعبَد من دون الله، وشَيَّدوا على قبورهم مساجد ومعابد، ونهى صلى الله عليه وسلم أمته أن يفعلوا مثل فعلهم.

  • فضل أبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه، وأنه أفضل الصحابة وأولى الناس بخلافة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعد موته.
  • بناء المساجد على القبور من منكرات الأمم السابقة.
  • النهي عن اتخاذ القبور أمكنة للعبادة يُصلى عندها أو إليها ويُبنى عليها مساجد أو قبابٌ، حذرًا من الوقوع في الشرك بسبب ذلك.
  • التحذير من الغلو في الصالحين لإفضائه إلى الشرك.
  • خطورة ما حذَّر منه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حيث أكَّد عليه قبل موته بخمس ليال.

Classical commentary

An-Nawawi — Sharh Sahih Muslim

قَوْله : ( عَنْ عَبْد اللَّه بْن الْحَارِث النَّجْرَانِيّ ) هُوَ النُّون وَالْجِيم. قَوْله صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( إِنِّي أَبْرَأ إِلَى اللَّه أَنْ يَكُون لِي مِنْكُمْ خَلِيل... إِلَى آخِره ) مَعْنَى أَبْرَأ أَيْ أَمْتَنِع مِنْ هَذَا وَأُنْكِرهُ. وَ ( الْخَلِيل ) هُوَ الْمُنْقَطِع إِلَيْهِ , وَقِيلَ الْمُخْتَصّ بِشَيْءٍ دُون غَيْره. قِيلَ : هُوَ مُشْتَقّ مِنْ ( الْخَلَّة ) بِفَتْحِ الْخَاء وَهِيَ الْحَاجَة , وَقِيلَ مِنْ ( الْخُلَّة ) بِضَمِّ الْخَاء وَهِيَ تُخَلِّل الْمَوَدَّة فِي الْقَلْب , فَنَفَى صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ تَكُون حَاجَته وَانْقِطَاعه إِلَى غَيْر اللَّه تَعَالَى , وَقِيلَ الْخَلِيل مَنْ لَا يَتَّسِع الْقَلْب لِغَيْرِهِ. قَالَ الْعُلَمَاء : إِنَّمَا…

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Scholars’ grades

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Muslimd. 261 AH Authenticصحيح The hadith صحيح مسلم No. 532
Grades of other versions (1)
  • AuthenticAl-Albani صحيح — صحيح الجامع (2445)

Other versions

Authentic Mishkat al-Masabih 713

Jundub told of his hearing the Prophet say, “Those who preceded you used to take the graves of their prophets and righteous men as mosques, but you must not take graves as mosques; I forbid you to do that.” Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَن جُنْدُب قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «أَلَا وَإِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ كَانُوا يَتَّخِذُونَ قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ وَصَالِحِيهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ أَلَا فَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا…

Narrated by Jundab ibn Abdullah

Also reported by… (3)
  • البحر الزخار بمسند البزار (1850)لَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا مِنْ أُمَّتِي خَلِيلا لاتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ
  • المستدرك على الصحيحين (3946)إِنَّ اللَّهَ اتَّخَذَنِي خَلِيلا كَمَا اتَّخَذَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلا
  • مسند أبي داود الطيالسي (295)لَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا مِنْ أُمَّتِي خَلِيلا ، لاتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ

On the same subject

Authentic Sunan Ibn Majah 93

"The Messenger of Allah said: 'I have no need of the friendship of any Khalil (close friend) but if I were to have taken anyone as a close friend, I would have taken Abu Bakr as a close friend, but your companion is the close friend of Allah,'" (One of the narrators) Waki' said: (by the phrase…

"‏ أَلاَ إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَى كُلِّ خَلِيلٍ مِنْ خُلَّتِهِ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَلِيلاً لاَتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَلِيلاً إِنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ خَلِيلُ اللَّهِ ‏"

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas‘ūd + 15 other versions

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih Muslim 2382a

Allah gave a choice to His servant that he may opt the beauties of the world or that which is with Him and the servant chose that which was with Him. Thereupon Abu Bakr wept and he wept bitterly and said: Let our fathers and our mothers be taken as ransom for you. It was Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) who…

أَمَنَّ النَّاسِ عَلَىَّ فِي مَالِهِ وَصُحْبَتِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَلِيلاً لاَتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَلِيلاً وَلَكِنْ أُخُوَّةُ الإِسْلاَمِ لاَ تُبْقَيَنَّ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ خَوْخَةٌ إِلاَّ خَوْخَةَ…

Narrated by Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri + 7 other versions

Authentic Mishkat al-Masabih 6020

`Abdallah b. Mas'ud reported the Prophet as saying, "If I were taking a friend, I would take Abu Bakr as a friend, but he is my brother and my companion, and God has taken your companion[*] as a friend." *i.e., the Prophet himself. Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَلِيلًا لَاتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَلِيلًا وَلَكِنَّهُ أَخِي وَصَاحِبِي وَقَدِ اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ…

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas‘ūd + 7 other versions

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 467

"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in his fatal illness came out with a piece of cloth tied round his head and sat on the pulpit. After thanking and praising Allah he said, "There is no one who had done more favor to me with life and property than Abu Bakr bin Abi Quhafa. If I were to take a Khalil, I would…

إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدٌ أَمَنَّ عَلَىَّ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا مِنَ النَّاسِ خَلِيلاً لاَتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَلِيلاً، وَلَكِنْ خُلَّةُ…

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās + 1 other version

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 6738

The person about whom Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "If I were to take a Khalil from this nation (my followers), then I would have taken him (i.e., Abu Bakr), but the Islamic Brotherhood is better (or said: good)," regarded a grandfather as the father himself (in inheritance).

لَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ خَلِيلاً لاَتَّخَذْتُهُ، وَلَكِنْ خُلَّةُ الإِسْلاَمِ أَفْضَلُ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās + 1 other version

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