A complaint was made to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about the person who doubts that something has happened to him during his prayer. He said: He should not leave (his prayer) unless he hears a sound or perceives a smell
Chapter: Evidence that if a person is certain that he is in a state of purity, then he doubts whether he has committed hadith (broken his wudu’), then he prays with his purity like that
Authentic
hadith of Sahih Muslim
Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim)Sahih Muslim 361
‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd ibn ‘Āsim al-Māzini (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a complaint was made to the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) about the person who doubts that something (breaking his ablution) has happened to him during his prayer, and he said: "He should not leave (his prayer) unless he hears a sound or perceives a smell."
Reported by Muslim (No. 361), Al-Bukhari (No. 137, 177, 2056) and Abu Dawud (No. 176).
An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy upon him) said that this Hadīth is one of the general and fundamental principles of Islam on which many significant rulings are built. This principle signifies that ruling of things which one is certain about should remain effective and should not be changed because of doubts or assumptions. Even if doubts are strong, they should not affect the ruling as long as they have not reached the level of certainty or strong probability. This Hadīth is one of the many examples showing application of this principle. If a Muslim is certain about his being in a state of purity, and then he has doubts that something occurred that invalidated his purity, the ruling is that he still remains in a state of purity. Conversely, if a Muslim is certain that something happened that invalidated his purity, and later has doubts about his being in a state of purity, the ruling is that he remains in a state of impurity. The same ruling applies to the clothes and places, which are considered pure by default until their impurity is certainly proved. Another example is the number of Rak‘ahs that one performs in prayer. If a Muslim is sure that he has performed three Rak‘ahs and is doubtful about the fourth one, the basic ruling is that the fourth one is not done and he should perform it. Also, if a man is doubtful about divorcing his wife, the basic ruling is that the marriage remains effective, and so on and so forth.
Explanation in Arabic
هذا الحديث- كما ذكر النووي رحمه الله من قواعد الإسلام العامة وأصوله التي تبنى عليها الأحكام الكثيرة الجليلة، وهي أن الأصل بقاء الأشياء المتيقنة على حكمها، فلا يعدل عنها لمجرد الشكوك والظنون، سواء قويت الشكوك، أو ضعفت، مادامت لم تصل إلى درجة اليقين أو غلبة الظن، وأمثلة ذلك كثيرة لا تخفى، ومنها هذا الحديث، فما دام الإنسان متيقنا للطهارة، ثم شك في الحدث فالأصل بقاء طهارته، وبالعكس فمن تيقن الحدث، وشك في الطهارة فالأصل بقاء الحدث، ومن هذا الثياب والأمكنة، فالأصل فيها الطهارة، إلا بيقين نجاستها، ومن ذلك عدد الركعات في الصلاة، فمن تيقن أنه صلى ثلاثًا مثلًا، وشك في الرابعة، فالأصل عدمها، وعليه أن يصلي ركعة رابعة، ومن ذلك من شك في طلاق زوجته فالأصل بقاء النكاح، وهكذا من المسائل الكثيرة التي لا تخفى.
القاعدة العامة وهي: أنَّ" الأصل بقاء ما كان على ما كان"، بمعنى أن ما حكم بثبوته في الماضي يحكم بثبوته في الحاضر حتى يثبت خلافه.
مجرد الشك في الحدث لا يبطل الوضوء ولا الصلاة.
تحريم الخروج من الصلاة لغير سبب بيِّن.
الريح الخارجة من الدبر، بصوت أو بغير صوت، ناقضة للوضوء.
يراد من سماع الصوت ووجدان الريح في الحديث التيقن من الحدث.
من الأدب أن يتَجنَّب الألفاظ التي يستحيا من ذكرها.
وَأَصْلُهُ فِي اَلصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْد ٍ 1 . 1 - صحيح. ولفظه: شكي إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: الرجل يخيل إليه أن يجد الشيء في الصلاة؟ قال: "لا ينصرف حتى سمع صوتا، أو يجد ريحا".…
