Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported:
When we attended a meal with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), we would not extend our hands until the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would start and extend his hand. Once we attended a meal with him, and a little girl came in rushing as if she was being pushed forward. She was about to put her hand into the food when the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) caught her hand. Then a Bedouin came in rushing as if he was being pushed forward. He (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) caught his hand too. Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Verily, the devil can eat from any food upon which the Name of Allah is not mentioned. He (the devil) brought this little girl to be able to eat, but I caught her hand. Then he brought this Bedouin to be able to eat, but I caught his hand too. By the One in Whose Hand my soul is, his hand is in my grasp along with her hand."
Reported by Muslim (No. 2017a), Abu Dawud (No. 3766) and Ahmad (No. 22165).
Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that whenever they were present with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) at a meal, they would not stretch their hands to the food until the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) began and placed his hand first. He said: On one occasion, we were with him at a meal when a young girl came rushing as though she were being pushed, and she went to place her hand in the food. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took hold of her hand. Then a Bedouin came as if he too were being pushed, and he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took hold of his hand before it touched the food. Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: Indeed, the devil can eat food when a person begins eating without mentioning Allah's name. He brought this girl to make the food permissible (for himself) through her, so I caught her hand. Then he brought this Bedouin to make it permissible through him, so I caught his hand. By the One in Whose Hand my soul is, the devil's hand is in my hand together with hers. Then he mentioned Allah's name and ate.
Lessons
The Companions' respect for the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and their politeness with him.
Among the etiquettes of eating is that the younger should wait until the elder or more virtuous person begins to eat.
The devil incites the heedless to acts he approves of, thereby achieving his aim, as seen in this Hadīth.
An-Nawawi said: The scholars said: It is recommended to say 'Bismillāh' (in the Name of Allah) aloud so that others may hear it and be reminded of it.
If someone came to eat and you did not hear him mention Allah's name, you can hold his hand until he mentions Allah's name.
The obligation to change evil through knowledge for the learned, and through physical intervention for those capable.
This Hadīth is among the signs of prophethood of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), as Allah Almighty informed him of what happened in this story.
The devil cannot partake of the food of the believers unless the name of Allah is not mentioned over it.
It is recommended to teach people the etiquette of eating and drinking in Islam.
It is recommended to swear an oath (by Allah) to emphasize a matter to the listener.
An-Nawawi said: Mentioning Allah's name when drinking water, milk, honey, broth, medicine, and all other beverages, just as mentioning Allah's name when eating food.
An-Nawawi said: If one intentionally, forgetfully, ignorantly, under compulsion, or due to some other impediment fails to mention Allah's name at the beginning of the meal but is later able to do so during eating, it is recommended to say: Bismillāhi awwaluhu wa ākhiruh (In the Name of Allah at its beginning and its end). This is based on the Prophet's saying: "When any of you eats, let him mention Allah's name. If he forgets to mention Allah's name at the beginning, let him say: In the Name of Allah at its beginning and end." [Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and At-Tirmidhi]
Explanation in Arabic
ذكر حذيفة رضي الله عنه أنهم إذا حضروا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم طعامًا لم يضعوا أيديهم فيه حتى يبدأ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فيضع يده، وإنا حضرنا معه مرة طعامًا، فجاءت جارية من شدة سرعتها كأنها تدفع، فذهبت لتضع يدها في الطعام، فأخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيدها، ثم جاء أعرابي كأنما يدفع فأخذ بيده قبل أن يمس الطعام، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم:
إن الشيطان يتمكن من أكل الطعام إذا شرع فيه إنسان بغير ذكر الله تعالى، وإنه جاء بهذه الجارية ليستحل بها الأكل فأخذت بيدها، فجاء بهذا الأعرابي ليستحل به فأخذت بيده، والذي نفسي بيده، إن يد الشيطان في يدي مع يدها، ثم ذكر اسم الله تعالى وأكل.
احترام الصحابة لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأدبهم معه.
من آداب الطعام أن ينتظر الصغير حتى يبدأ الكبير والفاضل في الأكل.
الشيطان يدفع بعض أهل الغفلة لأعمال هو يرتضيها؛ ليتمكن من الوصول إلى مبتغاه، ومن ذلك ما في هذا الحديث.
قال النووي: قال العلماء: ويستحب أن يجهر بالتسمية ليسمع غيره وينبهه عليها.
أنه إذا جاء أحد يريد أن يأكل ولم تسمعه سمى فأمسك بيده حتى يُسَمِّي.
وجوب تغيير المنكر ممن كان عالمًا، وتغيير المنكر باليد لمن كان قادرًا.
هذا الحديث آية من آيات الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، حيث أعلمه الله تعالى بما حصل في هذه القصة.
الشيطان لا يتمكن من طعام أهل الإيمان إلا إذا لم يذكر اسم الله عليه.
استحباب تعليم الناس أدب الأكل والشرب في الإسلام.
استحباب القسم؛ لتوكيد الأمر عند السامع.
قال النووي: التسمية في شرب الماء واللبن والعسل والمرق والدواء وسائر المشروبات كالتسمية على الطعام.
قال النووي: ولو ترك التسمية في أول الطعام عامدًا أو ناسيًا أو جاهلًا أو مكرهًا أو عاجزًا لعارض آخر ثم تمكن في أثناء أكله منها يستحب أن يسمي ويقول: بسم الله أوله وآخره؛ لقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "إذا أكل أحدكم فليذكر اسم الله، فإن نسي أن يذكر الله في أوله فليقل: بسم الله أوله وآخره"، رواه أبو داود والترمذي.
Authentic chainShu'ayb al-Arna'utإسناده صحيح على شرط مسلم — تخريج المسند لشعيب (23249)
Al-Daraqutniغريب من حديثه عن أبيه، تفرد به عبد الرحمن بن مغراء عن الأعمش عن خيثمة وغيره عن الأعمش عن خيثمة عن أبي حذيفة عن حذيفة — أطراف الغرائب (1/369)
"إن الشيطان يستحل الطعام أن لا يذكر اسم الله تعالى عليه، وإنه جاء بهذه الجارية ليستحل بها، فأخذت بيدها، فجاء بهذا الأعرابي ليستحل به، فأخذت بيده، والذي نفسي بيده إن يده في يدي مع يديهما"
