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Assabile

Mishkat al-MasabihEmancipation

A slave who has entered into an agreement to purchase his freedom remains a slave as long as a dirham of the agreed price remains to be paid

Chapter: Emancipating a Slave who is jointly owned, buying a relative, and emancipating during an illness - Section 2

Good (hasan) Mishkat al-Masabih 3399

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ مُكَاتبَته دِرْهَم» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb reported from his father from his grandfather that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A slave who has entered into an agreement to purchase his freedom remains a slave as long as a dirham of the agreed price remains to be paid."

Reported by Abu Dawud (No. 3926). Cited in Mishkat al-Masabih (No. 3399).

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Explanation

This Hadīth shows that the slave who has purchased his freedom is not manumitted and treated as a free person until he pays the agreed amount in its entirety. If he still owes a fraction of it, he remains a slave to whom the rules of slavery apply.

Explanation in Arabic

في هذا الحديث بيان أنَّ المكاتب لا يعتق ويكون له حكم الأحرار حتى يؤدي ما عليه من مال الكتابة كاملًا، فإن بقي عليه شيء فهو عبد تجري عليه أحكام الرقيق.

  • أنَّ المكاتب لا يعتق من رقه حتَّى يوفي جميع دين الكتابة، فتجري عليه أحكام الرقيق ما بقيَ عليه درهم؛ هذا هو منطوق الحديث، وهذا هو مذهب جمهور العلماء، ومنهم الأئمة الأربعة.
  • للسيد أن يتراجع ما لم يسدد المملوك، والعبدُ أيضاً له أن يتراجع.

Scholars’ grades

Original grading term, without a named scholar: حسن

Other versions

Also reported by… (7)
  • أحكام القرآن الكريم للطحاوي (1577)الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهِ دِرْهَمٌ
  • أحكام القرآن للجصاص (598)المكاتب عبد ما بقي عليه من مكاتبته درهم
  • الاستذكار (870)المكاتب عبد ما بقي عليه درهم
  • السنن الصغير للبيهقي (1969)الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ دِرْهَمٌ
  • السنن الكبرى للبيهقي (19919)الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ دِرْهَمٌ
  • شرح معاني الآثار للطحاوي (3038)الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ ، مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهِ دِرْهَمٌ
  • مسند الشاميين للطبراني (1364)الْمُكَاتَبُ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهِ دِرْهَمٌ

On the same subject

Not graded Bulugh al-Maram 1433

“The Diyah (Blood money) of a slave who had made an agreement to buy his freedom (Mukatib) and had been killed, is paid at the rate paid for a free man (as a Diyah) as much as he has paid of the amount agreed upon, and at the rate paid for a slave as the remainder is concerned.” Related by Ahmad…

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ‏-رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { يُودَى اَلْمُكَاتَبُ بِقَدْرِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ دِيَةَ اَلْحُرِّ, وَبِقَدْرِ مَا رَقَّ مِنْهُ دِيَةَ اَلْعَبْدِ }…

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās + 3 other versions

Not graded Mishkat al-Masabih 3402

Ibn ‘Abbas reported the Prophet as saying, “When a slave who has made an agreement to purchase his freedom gets blood-money or an inheritance, he can inherit in accordance with the extent to which he has been emancipated.” In a version by Tirmidhi he said, “Blood wit is paid for a slave who has…

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُكَاتَبُ حَدًّا أَوْ مِيرَاثًا وَرِثَ بِحِسَابِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَفِي…

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās + 6 other versions

Authentic Sunan Abu Dawud 4582

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: When a mukatab (a slave who has made an agreement to purchase his freedom) gifts blood-money or an inheritance, he can inherit in accordance with the extent to which he has been emancipated. Abu Dawud said: Wuhaib transmitted it from Ayyub, from 'Ikrimah, on the authority of…

إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُكَاتَبُ حَدًّا أَوْ وَرِثَ مِيرَاثًا يَرِثُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ ‏"

Authentic Sunan an-Nasa'i 4811

"The Mukatab is free to the extent that the has paid off (toward buying his freedom); he Hadd punishment should be carried out on him proportionate to the amount he has paid off (toward buying his freedom); and he inherits proportionate to the amount he has paid off (toward buying his freedom)."

"‏ الْمُكَاتَبُ يَعْتِقُ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَدَّى وَيُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ بِقَدْرِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ وَيَرِثُ بِقَدْرِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

Good (hasan) Sunan Abu Dawud 3927

On his father's authority, told that his grandfather reported the Prophet (ﷺ) said: If any slave entered into an agreement to buy his freedom for one hundred uqiyahs and he pays them all but ten, he remains a slave (until he pays the remaining ten); and if a slave entered into an agreement to…

أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كَاتَبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ أُوقِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلاَّ عَشْرَةَ أَوَاقٍ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ وَأَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كَاتَبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلاَّ عَشْرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ ‏"

Narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr + 1 other version

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