Sahih al-Bukhari Laws of Inheritance (Al-Faraa'id)

Give the prescribed shares (of inheritance) to those who are entitled to them, and whatever remains goes to the nearest male relative

Chapter: The shares of inheritance for the paternal grandfather, the father and brothers

Authentic hadith of Sahih al-Bukhari Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih al-Bukhari 6737

حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏"‏

أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا بَقِيَ فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ‏"

Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:

"Give the prescribed shares (of inheritance) to those who are entitled to them, and whatever remains goes to the nearest male relative."

Reported by Al-Bukhari (No. 6737, 6732, 6735, 6746), Muslim (No. 1615a, 1615b), At-Tirmidhi (No. 2098), Ahmad (No. 2525, 2838) and Ad-Darimi (No. 2860).

Explanation

The Prophet (ﷺ) commands those who are in charge of dividing the inheritance to distribute it fairly among its rightful beneficiaries, according to the Shariah rules, as Allah Almighty willed. Those who are entitled to prescribed shares of the inheritance should be given their shares that are set for them in the Qur’an, which are: two-thirds, one-third, one-sixth, one-half, one-quarter, and one-eighth. Whatever remains after that should be given to the closest male relatives, who are called ‘Asabah (male relatives by agnation).

Lessons

The Hadīth represents a rule in the division of inheritance.
The distribution of the fixed shares of inheritance begins with those who are entitled to the prescribed portions.
What remains after distributing the prescribed shares should be given to the agnates.
Inheritance should be given to the closer agnates and then the next in closeness. A distant agnate, like the uncle, may not receive inheritance while a closer agnate, like the father, is present.
Agnates are entitled to nothing if the prescribed shares consume all the inheritance, leaving nothing behind.

Explanation in Arabic

يأمر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم القائمين على قسمة التركة أن يوزعوها على مستحقيها بالقسمة العادلة الشرعية كما أراد الله تعالى، فيعطى أصحاب الفروض المقدرة فروضهم في كتاب الله، وهي الثلثان والثلث والسدس والنصف والربع والثمن، فما بقى بعدها، فإنه يعطى إلى من هو أقرب إلى الميت من الرجال، ويسمون العصبة.

الحديث قاعدة في قسمة التركة.
أن قسمة الفرائض تكون بالبداءة بأهل الفرائض.
أن ما بقي بعد الفروض للعصبة.
تقديم الأقرب فالأقرب فلا يرث عاصب بعيد كالعم، مع وجود عاصب قريب كالأب.
أنه لا شيء للعاصب إذا استغرقت الفروض التركة، أي لم يبق منها شيئًا.

Classical commentary

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani — Fath al-Bari

ذَكَرَ الْمُصَنِّف حَدِيث اِبْن عَبَّاس " أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ " وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ شَرْحُهُ , وَوَجْه تَعَلُّقه بِالْمَسْأَلَةِ أَنَّهُ دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِي يَبْقَى بَعْد الْفَرْض يُصْرَفُ لِأَقْرَب النَّاس لِلْمَيِّتِ فَكَانَ الْجَدّ أَقْرَب فَيُقَدَّم , قَالَ اِبْن بَطَّال : وَقَدْ اِحْتَجَّ بِهِ مَنْ شَرِكَ بَيْن الْجَدّ وَالْأَخ فَإِنَّهُ أَقْرَب إِلَى الْمَيِّت بِدَلِيلِ أَنَّهُ يَنْفَرِد بِالْوَلَاءِ , وَلِأَنَّهُ يَقُوم مَقَام الْوَلَد فِي حَجْب الْأُمّ مِنْ الثُّلُث إِلَى السُّدُس , وَلِأَنَّ الْجَدّ إِنَّمَا يُدْلِي بِالْمَيِّتِ وَهُوَ وَلَد اِبْنه وَالْأَخ يُدْلِي بِالْمَيِّتِ وَهُوَ وَلَد أَبِيهِ وَالِابْن أَقْوَى مِنْ الْأَب ; لِأَنَّ الِابْن يَنْفَرِد بِالْمَالِ وَيَرُدّ…

Scholars’ grades

Grade taken from the status of the collection (Sahih al-Bukhari).

Other versions

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih al-Bukhari 6732

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Give the Fara'id (the shares of the inheritance that are prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it. Then whatever remains, should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased ."

أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا، فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهْوَ لأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih al-Bukhari 6735

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Give the Fara'id (shares prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it; and whatever remains, should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased.'

أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهْوَ لأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih al-Bukhari 6746

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Give the Fara'id (the shares of the inheritance that are prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it; and whatever is left should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased."

أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا، فَمَا تَرَكَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih Muslim 1615a

Give the shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains over goes to the nearest male heir.

أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih Muslim 1615b

Give the shares to those who are entitled to them, and what is left from those wno are entitled to it goes to the nearest male heir.

أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا تَرَكَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2098

"Give the shares of inheritance to those who are entitled to them. As for what remains, then it is for the closet male relative." Another chain reports similar narration.

"‏ أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

See all 11 versions

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Musnad Ahmad 2525

حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ طَاوُسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا…

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās Arabic only

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Musnad Ahmad 2838

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا…

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās Arabic only

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sunan ad-Darimi 2860

حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا…

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās Arabic only

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Bulugh al-Maram 945

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), "Give the prescribed shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains goes to the nearest male relative (of the deceased)." [Agreed upon].

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ‏- رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ أَلْحِقُوا اَلْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا , فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏…

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Mishkat al-Masabih 3042

Ibn ‘Abbas reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Give the shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains over goes to the nearest male heir.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذكر»

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās

Also reported by… (23)

البحر الزخار بمسند البزار 10-13 (725)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ .
التحقيق في مسائل الخلاف لابن الجوزي (1670)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا , فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ
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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي (11458)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا ، فَمَا تَرَكَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ ، فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي (19795)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا ، فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ
السنن الكبرى للنسائي (6116)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا ، فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ
المعجم الأوسط للطبراني (8730)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا ، فَمَا تُرِكَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ
المعجم الكبير للطبراني (10751)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ ، فَمَا تَرَكْتُ ، فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ
المعجم الكبير للطبراني (10752)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا ، فَمَا بَقِيَ ، فَلأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ
المنتقى من السنن المسندة (942)أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا ، فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ
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On the same subject

Authentic Sunan Abu Dawud 2898

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Divide the property among those whose share have been prescribed in the Book of Allah, and what remains from the prescribed shares goes to the nearest male heirs.

اقْسِمِ الْمَالَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَمَا تَرَكَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَلأَوْلَى ذَكَرٍ ‏"

Narrated by Ibn ‘Abbās + 3 other versions

Topics

Agnates

Give the prescribed shares (of inheritance) to those who are entitled to them, and whatever remains goes to the nearest male relative

Explanation

Lessons

Explanation in Arabic

Classical commentary

Scholars’ grades

Other versions

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Give the Fara'id (the shares of the inheritance that are prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it. Then whatever remains, should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased ."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Give the Fara'id (shares prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it; and whatever remains, should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased.'

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Give the Fara'id (the shares of the inheritance that are prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it; and whatever is left should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased."

Give the shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains over goes to the nearest male heir.

Give the shares to those who are entitled to them, and what is left from those wno are entitled to it goes to the nearest male heir.

"Give the shares of inheritance to those who are entitled to them. As for what remains, then it is for the closet male relative." Another chain reports similar narration.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), "Give the prescribed shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains goes to the nearest male relative (of the deceased)." [Agreed upon].

Ibn ‘Abbas reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Give the shares to those who are entitled to them, and what remains over goes to the nearest male heir.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

On the same subject

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Divide the property among those whose share have been prescribed in the Book of Allah, and what remains from the prescribed shares goes to the nearest male heirs.

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Explanation

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Explanation in Arabic

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