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Sahih al-BukhariGood Manners and Form (Al-Adab)

Whoever takes care of daughters and treats them kindly, they will be a screen for him from Hellfire

Chapter: To be merciful to children and embrace them

Authentic hadith of Sahih al-Bukhari Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih al-Bukhari 5995

Narrator:Ā’ishah

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم حَدَّثَتْهُ قَالَتْ جَاءَتْنِي امْرَأَةٌ مَعَهَا ابْنَتَانِ تَسْأَلُنِي، فَلَمْ تَجِدْ عِنْدِي غَيْرَ تَمْرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَأَعْطَيْتُهَا، فَقَسَمَتْهَا بَيْنَ ابْنَتَيْهَا، ثُمَّ قَامَتْ فَخَرَجَتْ، فَدَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَحَدَّثْتُهُ فَقَالَ ‏"‏

مَنْ يَلِي مِنْ هَذِهِ الْبَنَاتِ شَيْئًا فَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِنَّ كُنَّ لَهُ سِتْرًا مِنَ النَّارِ ‏"

‘Ā’ishah, the Mother of the Believers (may Allah be pleased with her) and wife of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) reported:

A woman, along with her two daughters, came to me asking (for charity). She found that I had nothing except one date, so I gave it to her. She divided it between her two daughters, then she got up and left. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then came in, and I informed him about this, and he remarked: "Whoever takes care of daughters and treats them kindly, they will be a screen for him from Hellfire."

Reported by Al-Bukhari (No. 5995, 1418), Muslim (No. 2629), At-Tirmidhi (No. 1915) and Ahmad (No. 22926, 23433, 24167, 24866).

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Explanation

The Mother of the Believers, ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), informed that a woman came to her with her two daughters, asking for food. ‘Ā’ishah found nothing but a single date, which she gave to the woman. The woman split the date between her two daughters without eating any herself, then left. When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) entered, ‘Ā’ishah told him what happened. He said: Whoever is responsible for these daughters and takes care of them and treats them well—educating them, feeding them, giving them drink, clothing them, and enduring all that with patience—they will be a shield and a barrier for him from Hellfire.

Lessons

  • Caring for daughters and striving to provide for them are among the finest righteous deeds that shield one from Hellfire.
  • It is recommended to give charity with whatever one can afford, even if it is small.
  • The profound compassion of parents toward their children.
  • Clarifying the condition of the households of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and that his provision was just sufficient.
  • Illustrating the virtue of altruism, or selflessness, as a hallmark of the believers, for ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) preferred the woman and her two daughters over herself, which indicates her generosity and nobility despite her own dire need.
  • The blessing of daughters is called 'trial' because of the hardship and fatigue involved in their upbringing, or due to some people's dislike for them, or because they often lack the means of earning and a livelihood.
  • Islam came to eradicate the detestable practices of the pre-Islamic era, and thus it calls for honoring and caring for daughters.
  • This reward is attained even in the case of caring for one daughter, as mentioned in some narrations.

Explanation in Arabic

أخبرت أم المؤمنين عائشة رضي الله عنها أن امرأة جاءتها ومعها ابنتان لها تسألها أن تعطيها ما يؤكل، فلم تجد عائشة عندها غير تمرة واحدة، فأعطتها إياها فقسمت المرأة التمرة بين ابنتيها ولم تأكل منها شيئاً، ثم قامت فخرجت، فدخل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فحدثته عائشة، فقال:

من ولي من هذه البنات شيئًا، فأحسن إليهن وأدبهن وأطعمهن وسقاهن وكساهن وصبر على ذلك، كن له سترًا وحجابًا من النار.

  • رعاية البنات والسعي عليهن من أفضل أعمال البر المجنبة من النار.
  • استحباب التَّصدق بِمَا يقدِر عليه الإنسان ولو كان يسيرًا.
  • شِدَّة عَطْف الأبوين على أبنَائِهِما.
  • بيان حال بيوتات رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأن رزقه كان كفافًا.
  • بيان فضل الإيثار وأنه من سمات المؤمنين؛ فقد آثرت عائشة رضي الله عنها تلك المرأة وابنتيها على نفسها، وهذا يدل على سخائها وكرمها مع شدة حاجتها.
  • سميت هبة الإناث ابتلاء؛ لما في كفالتهن من المشقة والتعب، أو لكره بعض الناس لهن، أو لأنه يغلب ألّا يكن لهن مورد كسب وعيش.
  • جاء الإسلام باجتثاث عادات الجاهلية المنكرة، ومن ذلك أنه أوصى بالبنات.
  • يحصل على هذا الأجر ولو كانت بنتًا واحدة كما جاء في بعض الروايات.

Classical commentary

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani — Fath al-Bari

قَوْله : ( عَبْد اللَّه بْن أَبِي بَكْر ) أَيْ اِبْن مُحَمَّد بْن عَمْرو بْن حَزْم , وَمَضَى فِي الزَّكَاة مِنْ رِوَايَة اِبْن الْمُبَارَك عَنْ مَعْمَر " عَبْد اللَّه بْن أَبِي بَكْر بْن حَزْم " فَنَسَبَ أَبَاهُ لِجَدِّ أَبِيهِ وَإِدْخَال الزُّهْرِيّ بَيْنَه وَبَيْنَ عُرْوَة رَجُلًا مِمَّا يُؤْذِن بِأَنَّهُ قَلِيل التَّدْلِيس , وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيّ مُخْتَصَرًا مِنْ طَرِيق عَبْد الْمَجِيد بْن عَبْد الْعَزِيز بْن أَبِي رَوَّاد عَنْ مَعْمَر بِإِسْقَاطِ عَبْد اللَّه بْن أَبِي بَكْر مِنْ السَّنَد , فَإِنْ كَانَ مَحْفُوظًا اِحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَكُون الزُّهْرِيّ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ عُرْوَة مُخْتَصَرًا وَسَمِعَهُ عَنْهُ مُطَوَّلًا وَإِلَّا فَالْقَوْل مَا قَالَ اِبْن الْمُبَارَك. قَوْله : ( جَاءَتْن…

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Scholars’ grades

Grade taken from the status of the collection (Sahih al-Bukhari).

Other versions

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih al-Bukhari 1418

A lady along with her two daughters came to me asking (for some alms), but she found nothing with me except one date which I gave to her and she divided it between her two daughters, and did not eat anything herself, and then she got up and went away. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) came in and I informed him…

مَنِ ابْتُلِيَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْبَنَاتِ بِشَىْءٍ كُنَّ لَهُ سِتْرًا مِنَ النَّارِ ‏"

Narrated by Ā’ishah

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Sahih Muslim 2629

A woman came to me along with her two daughters. She asked me for (charity) but she found nothing with me except one date, so I gave her that. She accepted it and then divided it between her two daughters and herself ate nothing out of that. She then got up and went out, and so did her two…

مَنِ ابْتُلِيَ مِنَ الْبَنَاتِ بِشَىْءٍ فَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِنَّ كُنَّ لَهُ سِتْرًا مِنَ النَّارِ ‏"

Narrated by Ā’ishah

Authentic Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1915

"A woman came to me with two daughters. She was asking (for food) but I did not have anything with me except a date. So I gave it to her and she divided it between her two daughters without eating any of it herself. Then she got up to leave, and the Prophet entered, and I informed him about her. So…

"‏ مَنِ ابْتُلِيَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْبَنَاتِ كُنَّ لَهُ سِتْرًا مِنَ النَّارِ ‏"

Narrated by Ā’ishah

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Musnad Ahmad 22926

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا وَمَعَهَا ابْنَتَانِ لَهَا فَأَعْطَيْتُهَا تَمْرَةً فَشَقَّتْهَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ…

Narrated by Ā’ishah Arabic only

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Musnad Ahmad 23433

حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى…

Narrated by Ā’ishah Arabic only

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Musnad Ahmad 24167

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَكَانَ يَذْكُرُهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَكَذَا كَانَ فِي كِتَابهِ يَعْنِي…

Narrated by Ā’ishah Arabic only

See all 9 versions
Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Musnad Ahmad 24866

حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنِ ابْنِ حَزْمٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ دَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ امْرَأَةٌ مَعَهَا ابْنَتَانِ لَهَا فَأَطْعَمْتُهَا تَمْرَةً فَشَقَّتْهَا…

Narrated by Ā’ishah Arabic only

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Riyad as-Salihin 268

A woman came to me with her two daughters. She asked me (for charity) but she found nothing with me except one date-fruit, so I gave it to her. She accepted it and then divided it between her two daughters and herself ate nothing out of that. She then got up and went out. When Messenger of Allah…

وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت‏:‏ ‏"‏دخلت علي امرأة ومعها ابنتان لها تسأل ، فلم تجد عندي شيئا غير تمرة واحدة، فأعطيتها إياها فقسمتها بين ابنتيها ولم تأكل منها، ثم قامت فخرجت، فدخل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم علينا، فأخبرته…

Narrated by Ā’ishah

Not graded Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim) Al-Adab al-Mufrad 132

'A'isha said, "A woman came to me who had two of her daughters with her. She asked me for something, but I could not find anything except for a single date which I gave her. She divided it between her daughters and then got up and left. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came in…

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، قَالَ‏:‏ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ‏:‏ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله…

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On the same subject

Not graded Riyad as-Salihin 267

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Whoever supports two girls till they attain maturity, he and I will come on the Day of Resurrection like this". Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) joined his fingers illustrating this. [Muslim].

وعن أنس رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال‏:‏ “من عال جاريتين حتى تبلغا جاء يوم القيامة أنا وهو كهاتين‏"‏ وضم أصابعه‏.‏‏(‏‏(‏رواه مسلم‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏ ‏(29)

Narrated by Anas ibn Mālik + 1 other version

Not graded Al-Adab al-Mufrad 79

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "No one has three daughters or three sisters and is good to them but that he will enter the Garden."

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ‏:‏ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُكْمِلٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ…

+ 2 other versions

Authentic Sunan Ibn Majah 3669

"Whoever has three daughters and is patient towards them, and feeds them, gives them to drink, and clothes them from his wealth; they will be a shield for him from the Fire on the Day of Resurrection.'"

"‏ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ ثَلاَثُ بَنَاتٍ فَصَبَرَ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَأَطْعَمَهُنَّ وَسَقَاهُنَّ وَكَسَاهُنَّ مِنْ جِدَتِهِ - كُنَّ لَهُ حِجَابًا مِنَ النَّارِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ‏"

Narrated by Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir + 1 other version

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