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Sunan Abu DawudTribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai' Wal-Imarah)

Sunan Abu Dawud 3011

Chapter: What Has Been Related About The Ruling On The Land Of Khaibar

Differing grades of the chain 3 scholars’ grades Sunan Abu Dawud 3011

حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الأَسْوَدِ، أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَهُمْ عَنْ أَبِي شِهَابٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ نَفَرًا، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالُوا فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فَكَانَ النِّصْفُ سِهَامَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَسَهْمَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعَزَلَ النِّصْفَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ لِمَا يَنُوبُهُ مِنَ الأُمُورِ وَالنَّوَائِبِ ‏.‏

Bashir bin Yasar said that he heard a number of the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) say. He then narrated the tradition (mentioned above). He said “One half comprised the portions of the Muslims and the portion of the Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ). He separated the other half for the Muslims for any calamity that befalls him and for emergent needs.”

Reported by Abu Dawud (No. 3011, 3010).

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Classical commentary

Al-Azimabadi — Awn al-Ma'bud

( عَنْ بُشَيْر ) : بِالتَّصْغِيرِ ( عَنْ سَهْل بْن أَبِي حَثْمَة ) : بِفَتْحِ الْحَاء الْمُهْمَلَة وَسُكُون الْمُثَلَّثَة ( نِصْفًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ ) : جَمْع نَائِبه وَهِيَ مَا يَنُوب الْإِنْسَان أَيْ يَنْزِل مِنْ الْمُهِمَّات وَالْحَوَادِث. قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ : فِيهِ مِنْ الْفِقْه أَنَّ الْأَرْض إِذَا غُنِمَتْ قُسِّمَتْ كَمَا يُقَسَّم الْمَتَاع وَالْخُرْثِيّ لَا فَرْق بَيْنهَا وَبَيْن غَيْرهَا مِنْ الْأَمْوَال. وَالظَّاهِر مِنْ أَمْر خَيْبَر أَنَّ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَآله وَسَلَّمَ فَتَحَهَا عَنْوَة فَإِذَا كَانَتْ عَنْوَة فَهِيَ مَغْنُومَة , وَإِذَا صَارَتْ غَنِيمَة فَإِنَّمَا حِصَّته مِنْ الْغَنِيمَة خُمُس الْخُمُس وَهُوَ سَهْمه الَّذِي سَمَّاهُ اللَّه تَعَالَى فِي قَوْل…

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Scholars’ grades

The 3 scholars cited do not give the same grade: each one is shown below.

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Al-Albanid. 1420 AH Authentic chainSahih Isnaad The chain only No. 3011
Zubair Ali Zaid. 1435 AH Good chain (hasan)Isnaad Hasan The chain only No. 3011
Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamidd. 1392 AH Authentic chainSahih Isnaad The chain only No. 3011

Other versions

Differing grades Sunan Abu Dawud 3010

Sahl bin Abi Hathmah said “The Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ) divide Khaibar into two halves. One half was reserved for his emergency and needs, the other half was meant for the Muslims. He divided among them into eighteen portions.”

قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَيْبَرَ نِصْفَيْنِ نِصْفًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ وَنِصْفًا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا ‏.‏

Narrated by Sahl ibn Abu Hathma

Also reported by… (3)
  • التحقيق في مسائل الخلاف لابن الجوزي (2014)قَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ نِصْفَيْنِ ، نِصْفٌ لِنَوَائِبِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ ، وَنِصْفٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، قَسَّمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا
  • السنن الكبرى للبيهقي (11879)قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ نِصْفَيْنِ : نِصْفٌ لِنَوَائِبِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ ، وَنِصْفٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، قَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا
  • شرح معاني الآثار للطحاوي (3379)قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ نِصْفَيْنِ ، نِصْفًا لِنَوَائِبِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ ، وَنِصْفًا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا

On the same subject

Not graded Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1554b

Another chain with similar meaning. There are narrations on this topic from Mujammi' bin Jariyah, Ibn 'Abbas, and Ibn Abi 'Amrah from his father. This Hadith of Ibn 'Umar is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ)…

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ أَخْضَرَ، نَحْوَهُ ‏.‏ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ مُجَمِّعِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ، وَابْنِ، عَبَّاسٍ وَابْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ عَنْ…

Narrated by Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar + 1 other version

Authentic Sahih Muslim 1762a

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils, allotting two shares to the horse and one share to the man.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) divided the spoils, allotting two shares to the horse and one share to the man.

قَسَمَ فِي النَّفَلِ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَلِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمًا ‏.‏

Narrated by Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar + 3 other versions Explained

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 2863

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) fixed two shares for the horse and one share for its rider (from the war booty).

جَعَلَ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمًا‏.‏ وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ يُسْهَمُ لِلْخَيْلِ وَالْبَرَاذِينِ مِنْهَا لِقَوْلِهِ ‏‏{‏وَالْخَيْلَ وَالْبِغَالَ وَالْحَمِيرَ لِتَرْكَبُوهَا‏}‏ وَلاَ يُسْهَمُ لأَكْثَرَ مِنْ…

Narrated by Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 4228

On the day of Khaibar, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) divided (the war booty of Khaibar) with the ratio of two shares for the horse and one-share for the foot soldier. (The sub-narrator, Nafi` explained this, saying, "If a man had a horse, he was given three shares and if he had no horse, then he was given…

قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا‏.‏

Narrated by Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar

English
Wednesday, October 14, 2026 3 جمادى الأولى 1448 هـ

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