Pardon appears in these verses first of all as an attribute of Allah, the Pardoning (al-ʿAfuww). They encourage believers to pardon and overlook, recall that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was commanded to pardon, praise those who forgive and their good end, and state that pardon waives a right. The same word also designates the surplus of wealth from which one spends.
Verses gathered from a topical index of the Quran, in Mushaf order; every verse is quoted in full.
So by mercy from Allāh, [O Muḥammad], you were lenient with them. And if you had been rude [in speech] and harsh in heart, they would have disbanded from about you. So pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the matter. And when you have decided, then rely upon Allāh. Indeed, Allāh loves those who rely [upon Him].
So for their breaking of the covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hardened. They distort words from their [proper] places [i.e., usages] and have forgotten a portion of that of which they were reminded. And you will still observe deceit among them, except a few of them. But pardon them and overlook [their misdeeds]. Indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good.
O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger making clear to you much of what you used to conceal of the Scripture and overlooking much. There has come to you from Allāh a light and a clear Book [i.e., the Qur’ān]
