Do not kill him, for if you kill him, he will be in the same position as yours before you kill him, and you will be in the same position as his before saying the word that he said
Chapter: The prohibition of killing a disbeliever after he says La ilaha illallah
Authentic
hadith of Sahih Muslim
Muttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim)Sahih Muslim 95a
Al-Miqdād ibn ‘Amr al-Kindi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported:
He said to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): What if I meet a man from the disbelievers and we both fight? He strikes one of my hands with the sword and cuts it off, then he seeks refuge from me in a tree and says: I have submitted to Allah. O Messenger of Allah, should I kill him after saying it? The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not kill him." He said: O Messenger of Allah, he cut off one of my hands, then he said this after cutting it off. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not kill him, for if you kill him, he will be in the same position as yours before you kill him, and you will be in the same position as his before saying the word that he said."
Reported by Muslim (No. 95a), Al-Bukhari (No. 4019), Abu Dawud (No. 2644) and Ahmad (No. 22700, 22713).
Al-Miqdād ibn al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about the situation if he meets a man from the disbelievers during a battle and they fight with swords and the disbeliever strikes one of his hands with the sword and cuts it off, then he runs away from him and seeks protection in a tree and says: La ilāha illallāh (there is no god but Allah), is it lawful for me to kill him after cutting off my hand?
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: Do not kill him.
He said: O Messenger of Allah, but he cut off one of my hands; how could I not kill him despite this?!
He (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do not kill him because his life has become inviolable. If you kill him after declaring his Islam, his Islam has made his life inviolable just like you, and you will have the same status as his, as it will be permissible to kill you by way of legal retribution for killing him.
Lessons
It is unlawful to kill whoever does or says what indicates embracing Islam.
If any of the disbelievers embraces Islam during a battle, his life becomes inviolable, and refraining from harming him becomes obligatory unless he proves otherwise.
A Muslim's personal desire must comply with the Shariah, not with fanaticism and revenge.
Ibn Hajar said: It is permissible to ask about afflictions that have not yet occurred, based on the opinion stating that this story most likely has not taken place. Considering what was reported from some of the righteous predecessors about this being disliked, it is taken to refer to what rarely occurs. However, it is permissible to ask about what could usually occur to make it known.
Explanation in Arabic
سألَ المقدادُ بن الأسود رضي الله عنه النبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا هو لَقِيَ رجلًا من الكفار في المعركة، فتبارزا بالسيوف، حتى أصاب الكافر إحدى يديه بالسيف فقطعها، ثم فَرَّ الكافر منه وتَحَصَّنَ بشجرة، فقال: لا إله إلا الله، أيحل لي قَتْلُه بعد أنْ قَطَعَ يدي؟
فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا تقتلْه.
فقال يا رسول الله، إنه قطع إحدى يديَّ، أَمَعَ هذا لا أقتله؟!
فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا تقتلْه، فإنه أصبح حَرامُ الدَّم، فإنك إنْ قَتلتَه بعد إسلامه؛ فإنه بمنزلتِك مَعصومُ الدَّم بإسلامه، وإنك بمنزلته مُباح الدم بقتلك إياه قِصاصًا.
مَن صَدَر منه ما يَدل على الدخول في الإسلام مِن قول أو فعل حَرُم قتلُه.
إذا أسلم أحدٌ من الكفار أثناء المعركة، فقد عُصِم دمُه، ووجب الكفُّ عنه إلا أن يَتَبَيَّنَ منه خلاف ذلك.
يجب على المسلم أن يكون هواه تبعًا للشرع وليس للعصبية والانتقام.
قال ابن حجر: جواز السؤال عن النوازل قبل وقوعها بناءً على ترجيح أنَّ القصة لم تقع، وأما ما نُقِلَ عن بعض السلف من كراهة ذلك فهو محمول على ما يَنْدُرُ وقوعُه، وأما ما يمكن وقوعُه عادةً فيُشرَع السؤالُ عنه لِيُعْلَم.
Authentic chainShu'ayb al-Arna'utإسناده صحيح على شرط الشيخين — تخريج المسند لشعيب (23817)
AuthenticAl-Bukhariصحيح — صحيح البخاري (4019)
AuthenticAl-Daraqutniصحيح من حديث عطاء بن يزيد الليثي، عَن عُبَيد الله بن عدي بن الخيار عنه وهو المقداد بن الأسود وهو غريبٌ من حديث عَبد الحميد بن جعفر الأنصاري، عَن الزُّهْرِيّ، تَفَرَّدَ بهِ أبو بكر الحنفي عَبد الكبير بن عَبد المجيد، عَنه. — أطراف الغرائب (2/146)
Other versions
AuthenticMuttafaq ‘alayh (Bukhari and Muslim)Sahih al-Bukhari 4019
معرفة السنن والآثار للبيهقي (4424)لا تَقْتُلْهُ فقلت : يا رسول الله إنه قطع إحدى يدي ثم قال ذلك بعد أن قطعها , أفأقتله يا رسول الله ؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : لا تقتله فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ , وَإِنَّكَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ كَلِمَتَهُ ، الَّتِي قَالَ