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Sahih MuslimThe Book of Menstruation

It was sufficient for you to do this with your hands." Then, he struck the ground once with his hands, then wiped the right hand with the left one, the back side of his hands and his face

Chapter: Tayammum

Authentic hadith of Sahih Muslim Sahih Muslim 368a

Narrator:Ammār ibn Yāsir

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، قَالَ كُنْتُ جَالِسًا مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبِي مُوسَى فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَجْنَبَ فَلَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ شَهْرًا كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِالصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ لاَ يَتَيَمَّمُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ شَهْرًا ‏.‏ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى فَكَيْفَ بِهَذِهِ الآيَةِ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ ‏‏{‏ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا‏}‏ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ لَوْ رُخِّصَ لَهُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ - لأَوْشَكَ إِذَا بَرَدَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَاءُ أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمُوا بِالصَّعِيدِ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ قَوْلَ عَمَّارٍ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي حَاجَةٍ فَأَجْنَبْتُ فَلَمْ أَجِدِ الْمَاءَ فَتَمَرَّغْتُ فِي الصَّعِيدِ كَمَا تَمَرَّغُ الدَّابَّةُ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ إِنَّمَا كَانَ

يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ بِيَدَيْكَ هَكَذَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِيَدَيْهِ الأَرْضَ ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ مَسَحَ الشِّمَالَ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ وَظَاهِرَ كَفَّيْهِ وَوَجْهَهُ

‘Ammār ibn Yāsir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported:

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent me on an errand, and I became Junub (in a state of major ritual impurity) and could not find water. So, I rolled in the dirt like an animal and then came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and told him about it. He said, "It was sufficient for you to do this with your hands." Then, he struck the ground once with his hands, then wiped the right hand with the left one, the back side of his hands and his face.

Reported by Muslim (No. 368a).

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Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent 'Ammār ibn Yāsir (may Allah be pleased with him) on an errand. 'Ammār became in a state of Janābah (major ritual impurity), either because of sexual intercourse or the discharge of semen upon sexual arousal, and could not find water to take a ritual bath. He did not know the ruling on performing Tayammum (dry ablution) for Janābah; however, he knew its ruling for minor Hadath (ritual impurity). Based on his Ijtihād (personal reasoning), he thought that just as dirt on the surface of the earth is used to wipe some of the body parts of ablution in case of minor Hadath, then performing Tayammum from Janābah must be done by comprehending the entire body with dirt, in analogy to water. So, he rolled in dirt until it reached his whole body and then prayed. On coming to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), he mentioned it to see whether his actions were right. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified to him the manner of attaining purity from minor Hadath like urine and from major Hadath like Janābah, namely by striking dirt with his hands once, then wiping the right hand with the left one, as well as the back side of his hands and face.

Lessons

  • It is obligatory to seek water before making Tayammum.
  • It is permissible for the one in the state of Janābah to make Tayammum in case he could not find water.
  • Tayammum for major Hadath is like Tayammum for minor Hadath.

Explanation in Arabic

بَعَثَ النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَمّارَ بن ياسر رضي الله عنه في سَفَرٍ لبعض حاجاته، فأصابته جنابة بجماع أو نزول المني بشهوة، فلم يجد الماء ليغتسل منه،

وكان لا يعلم حكم التيمم للجنابة، وإنما يعلم حكمَه للحدث الأصغر،

فاجتهد وظَنّ أنه كما يَمسح بالتراب الذي على وجه الأرض بعض أعضاء الوضوء عن الحدث الأصغر، فلابد أن يكون التيمم من الجنابة بتعميم البدن بالتراب؛ قياسًا على الماء، فَتَقَلَّبَ في التراب حتى عَمَّم البدنَ وصَلَّى،

فلما جاء إلى النبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، ذَكَرَ له ذلك؛ ليرى هل هو على صواب أو لا؟

فَبَيَّنَ له النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كيفيةَ التَّطَهُّر مِن الحَدَثَين الأصغر كالبول، والأكبر كالجنابة: وهو أن يضرب بيديه على التراب ضربة واحدة، ثم يمسح الشمال على اليمين، وظاهر كفيه ووجهه.

  • وجوب طلب الماء قبل التيمم.
  • مشروعية التيمم لمن عليه جنابة ولم يجد الماء.
  • التيمم للحدث الأكبر، كالتيمم للحدث الأصغر.

Classical commentary

An-Nawawi — Sharh Sahih Muslim

قَوْله تَعَالَى : { فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا } اِخْتُلِفَ فِي الصَّعِيد عَلَى مَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ فِي أَوَّل الْبَاب فَالْأَكْثَرُونَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ هُنَا التُّرَاب. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُونَ : هُوَ جَمِيع مَا صَعِدَ عَلَى وَجْه الْأَرْض , وَأَمَّا الطِّيب فَالْأَكْثَرُونَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ الطَّاهِر , وَقِيلَ : الْحَلَال. وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم. وَاحْتَجَّ أَصْحَابنَا بِهَذِهِ الْآيَة عَلَى أَنَّ الْقَصْد إِلَى الصَّعِيد وَاجِب. قَالُوا : فَلَوْ أَلْقَتْ الرِّيح عَلَيْهِ تُرَابًا فَمَسَحَ بِهِ وَجْهه لَمْ يُجْزِئهُ , بَلْ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ نَقْله مِنْ الْأَرْض أَوْ غَيْرهَا. وَفِي الْمَسْأَلَة فُرُوع كَثِيرَة مَشْهُورَة فِي كُتُب الْفِقْه. وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم. قَوْله : ( لَأَوْشَكَ إِذَا بَرَدَ عَلَيْهِمْ ا…

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Scholars’ grades

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Muslimd. 261 AH Authenticصحيح The hadith صحيح مسلم No. 368

Other versions

Also reported by… (2)
  • المحلى بالآثار لابن حزم (255)يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ بِيَدَيْكَ هَكَذَا ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِيَدَيْهِ الأَرْضَ ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ الشِّمَالَ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ وَظَاهِرَ كَفَّيْهِ وَوَجْهَهُ
  • مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (1623)يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ بِيَدَيْكَ هَكَذَا , ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِيَدَيْهِ الْأَرْضَ ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ مَسَحَ الشِّمَالَ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ وَظَاهِرَ كَفَّيْهِ وَوَجْهَهُ

On the same subject

Not graded Bulugh al-Maram 132

a similar Hadith transmitted by at-Tirmidhi

وَلِلتِّرْمِذِيِّ: عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ نَحْوُهُ, وَصَحَّحَه ُ 1‏ .‏ ‏1 ‏- صحيح.‏ رواه الترمذي (124)‏ ولفظه: "إن الصعيد الطيب طهور المسلم، وإن لم يجد الماء عشر سنين، فإذا وجد الماء فليمسه بشرته؛ فإن ذلك خير" وقال: "حديث حسن…

+ 5 other versions

Not graded Sunan an-Nasa'i 434b

"You did the right thing." Then another man became Junub so he performed Tayammum and prayed. He came (to the Prophet (ﷺ)) who said to him what he had said to the other man- meaning, "You did the right thing."

أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، أَنْبَأَنَا أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، أَنَّ مُخَارِقًا، أَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلاً، أَجْنَبَ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ…

+ 1 other version

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 348

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw a person sitting aloof and not praying with the people. He asked him: “O so-and-so, what prevented you from offering the prayer with the people?” He replied: “O Messenger of Allah, I am ritually impure and there is no water.” In response, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “You should use clean earth, and that will be sufficient for you.”

‘Imrān ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw a person sitting aloof and not praying with the people. He asked him: "O so and so, what prevented you from offering the prayer with the people?" He replied: "O…

عَلَيْكَ بِالصَّعِيدِ فَإِنَّهُ يَكْفِيكَ ‏"

Narrated by Imrān ibn Husayn + 6 other versions Explained

Authentic Sunan Abu Dawud 332

Clean earth is ablution for the Muslim, even up to ten years. Then when if you find water, wash your skin with it, for that is better

Abu Dharr Jundub ibn Junādah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: A few goats were in the possession of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) so he said: "O Abu Dharr, take them to the desert." I took them to the desert of Rabadhah, and I would sometimes be in a…

الصَّعِيدُ الطَّيِّبُ وَضُوءُ الْمُسْلِمِ وَلَوْ إِلَى عَشْرِ سِنِينَ فَإِذَا وَجَدْتَ الْمَاءَ فَأَمِسَّهُ جِلْدَكَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ ‏"

Narrated by Abu Dharr Explained

Authentic Sahih al-Bukhari 339

(on the authority of his father who said) `Ammar said so (the above Statement). And Shu`ba stroked lightly the earth with his hands and brought them close to his mouth (blew off the dust) and passed them over his face and then the backs of his hands. `Ammar said, "Ablution (meaning Tayammum here)…

وَضَرَبَ شُعْبَةُ بِيَدَيْهِ الأَرْضَ، ثُمَّ أَدْنَاهُمَا مِنْ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ وَكَفَّيْهِ‏.‏

Narrated by Ammār ibn Yāsir

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