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Sahih MuslimThe Book of Greetings

Do not initiate the greeting of peace to the Jews or Christians, and if you meet one of them on the way, force him to narrowest part thereof

Chapter: The Prohibition Of Initiating The Greeting With The People Of The Book, And How To Respond To Them

Authentic hadith of Sahih Muslim Sahih Muslim 2167a

Narrator:Abu Hurayrah

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، - يَعْنِي الدَّرَاوَرْدِيَّ - عَنْ سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏"‏

لاَ تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَلاَ النَّصَارَى بِالسَّلاَمِ فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِهِ ‏"

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said:

"Do not initiate the greeting of peace to the Jews or Christians, and if you meet one of them on the way, force him to narrowest part thereof."

Reported by Muslim (No. 2167a, 2167b).

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Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbids initiating the greeting of peace to the Jews or Christians even if they are Dhimmis (free non-Muslim subjects living in a Muslim country), let alone others from the disbelievers. He (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) further explained that if we meet one of them on the road, we should force him to the narrowest part thereof, as the believer is the one entitled to walk in the middle of the road and the disbeliever is the one who should make way. A Muslim should in no way be abject.

Lessons

  • It is impermissible for a Muslim to initiate the greeting of peace to any of the Jews, Christians, or others from the disbelievers.
  • It is permissible to respond to their greeting of peace, in case they are the ones to initiate it, by saying: And upon you.
  • It is impermissible for a Muslim to hurt a disbeliever on purpose by deliberately and unnecessarily bearing down on him to force him to move to the narrowest part of the road. However, if the road is narrow or crowded, then the Muslim is more entitled to it and the disbeliever should move away.
  • Manifesting the Muslims' honor and the humiliation of others without oppression or using foul language.
  • Imposing restrictions upon the disbelievers due to their disbelief in Allah Almighty could cause them to embrace Islam and, thus, be saved from Hellfire if this motivates them to learn the reason behind such restrictions.
  • There is nothing wrong if a Muslim starts by saying the following to a disbeliever: How are you? How are you doing this morning? How are you doing this evening? And similar things if there is a need for this because the prohibition is taken to refer to the greeting of peace.
  • At-Tībi said: Based on the chosen opinion, the heretical innovator should not be initiated with the greeting of peace. If one happens to greet with peace someone he does not know and it turns out to be a Dhimmi or a heretical innovator, then he should say: I take back my greeting of peace, by way of derogation.

Explanation in Arabic

يَنْهَى النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عن بَدْءِ اليهودِ والنصارى بالسلام ولو كانوا ذِمِّيِّيْن، فضلًا عن غيرهم من الكفار، وبَيَّن صلى الله عليه وسلم أننا إذا لقينا أحدَهم في طريق فنَضْطَرّه إلى أَضيَق الطريق، فالمؤمن هو الذي يَمشي في وسط الطريق، والذي يَتَنَحَّى هو الكافر، ولا يكون المسلم ذليلًا بحال من الأحوال.

  • لا يجوز للمسلم أن يبتدئ أحدًا من اليهود والنصارى وغيرهم من الكفار بالسلام.
  • يجوز رد السلام عليهم إنْ هم بَدؤوا بالسلام بأن يقول: وعليكم.
  • لا يجوز للمسلم أنْ يَتَقَصَّدَ أَذيّة الكافر بأن يُضَيِّقَ عليه قصدًا من غير موجب؛ ليضطره إلى أضيق الطريق؛ لكن إن كان الطريق ضيقًا أو مزدحمًا فالمسلم أحق به، والكافر يَتَنَحّى عنه.
  • إظهار عزة المسلمين وصَغَار غيرهم، دون ظلم أو بَذَاءة في القول.
  • التضييق على الكفار بسبب ما هم عليه من كفر بالله تعالى، قد يكون ذلك سببًا في إسلامهم؛ فينجوا من النار، إذا حملهم ذلك على معرفة السبب.
  • لا بأس أن يقول المسلم للكافر ابتداءً كيف حالُك، كيف أصبحتَ، كيف أمسيتَ؟ ونحو ذلك إذا دعت الحاجة إلى ذلك؛ لأن النهي محمول على السلام.
  • قال الطيبي: المُختار أنَّ المُبتدع لا يُبدأ بالسلام، ولو سلَّم على مَن لا يعرفه فظهر ذِميًّا أو مبتدعًا يقول: استرجعت سلامي تحقيرًا له.

Scholars’ grades

Grade taken from the status of the collection (Sahih Muslim).

Other versions

Authentic Sahih Muslim 2167b

'When you meet the People of the Book." And in the hadith transmitted on the authority of Jarir the words are:" When you meet them," but none amongst the polytheists has been mentioned explicitly by name.

وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ، بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، ح…

Narrated by Abu Hurayrah

Not graded Bulugh al-Maram 1324

“Do not start by saluting the Jews and the Christians (when you meet them), and if you meet any of them on the road, force him to go to the narrowest part of the road (i.e. do not give them positions of authority among you.)” Related by Muslim.

" لَا تَبْدَؤُوا اَلْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ, وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ, فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِهِ"

Narrated by Abu Hurayrah

On the same subject

Not graded Al-Adab al-Mufrad 1102

Abu Basra al-Ghifari reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I will ride to the Jews tomorrow. Do not give them the greeting first. If they greet you, then say, 'and on you.'"

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، قَالَ‏:‏ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصْرَةَ الْغِفَارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ‏:‏ إِنِّي…

+ 3 other versions

Authentic Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1602

That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Do not precede the Jews and the Christians with the Salam. And if one you meets one of them in the path, then force him to its narrow portion." [He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Umar, Anas, and Abu Basrah Al-Ghifari the Companion of the…

"‏ لاَ تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلاَمِ وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَاضْطَرُّوهُمْ إِلَى أَضْيَقِهِ ‏"

Narrated by Abu Hurayrah + 1 other version

Authentic Sunan Abu Dawud 5205

Suhayl ibn AbuSalih said: I went out with my father to Syria. The people passed by the cloisters in which there were Christians and began to salute them. My father said: Do not give them salutation first, for AbuHurayrah reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying: Do not salute them (Jews and…

لاَ تَبْدَءُوهُمْ بِالسَّلاَمِ وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَاضْطَرُّوهُمْ إِلَى أَضْيَقِ الطَّرِيقِ ‏"

Narrated by Abu Hurayrah

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