Abu Burdah reported from his father Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him)
that the Prophet (ﷺ) had sent him to Yemen, and he asked him about certain drinks that used to be prepared there. He said: What are they? He said: "Al-Bit‘ and Al-Mizr?" It was said to Abu Burdah: What is Al-Bit‘? He said: An alcoholic drink made from honey, and Al-Mizr is an alcoholic drink made from barley. Thereupon, he said: "Every intoxicant is prohibited" [Narrated by Al-Bukhāri] Muslim narrated it with the following wording: He said: The Messenger of Allah sent me and Mu‘ādh to Yemen. I said: O Messenger of Allah, there is a drink made in our land called 'Al-Mizr' from barley and a drink called 'Al-Bit‘' from honey. He said: "Every intoxicant is prohibited." Another version by Muslim reads: "Thereupon, he said: Every intoxicant that detains one from prayer is forbidden." Another version by him reads: "The Messenger of Allah is gifted with the most eloquent and concise speech. He said: I forbid every intoxicant that keeps one away from prayer."
Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) informs that the Prophet (ﷺ) sent him to Yemen. He asked him about certain drinks made there—if they were forbidden—so the Prophet (ﷺ) inquired further about them. Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: They are Al-Bit‘, which is an alcoholic drink made from honey, and Al-Mizr, which is an alcoholic drink made from barley. The Prophet (ﷺ), who had been given concise speech, said: "Every intoxicant is prohibited."
Lessons
Nabīdh: Water in which dates, honey, barley, or the like are steeped, and it derives good taste from it. It may be fermented after that and become an intoxicant.
The Hadīth represents a rule prohibiting all intoxicants like wine, hashish, etc.
It shows the importance of asking about things needed by a Muslim.
The first stage in the prohibition of alcoholic drinks was at the time of prayer, when one of the Emigrants prayed and recited in his prayer, but mixed up in his recitation, the verse was revealed in which Allah Almighty says: {O you who believe, do not approach the prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying.} [Surat an-Nisā’: 43] And the caller of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would announce: Let no one approach the prayer while intoxicated. Then Allah prohibited it absolutely with His saying: {O you who believe, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters and divining arrows are of Satan’s evil work; therefore avoid such [evil], so that you may be successful. Satan only wants to create enmity and hatred between you through intoxicants and gambling, and to prevent you from remembering Allah and from prayer. Will you not then abstain?} [Surat al-Mā’idah: 90-91]
Indeed, Allah Almighty has prohibited wine because of its huge harms and evils.
Prohibition is determined on the basis of the existence of intoxication. If a Nabīdh is intoxicating, it is prohibited; otherwise, it is permissible.
Explanation in Arabic
يخبر أبو موسى الأشعري رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أرسله إلى اليمن، فسأله عن أشربة تصنع بها هل هي حرام، فاستفسر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عنها.
فقال أبو موسى رضي الله عنه: هي البتع: نبيذ العسل، والمزر: نبيذ الشعير.
فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وكان قد أوتي جوامع الكلم: «كل مسكر حرام».
النبيذ: هو الماء الذي يلقى فيه التمر أو العسل أو الشعير ونحوها؛ فيكتسب منها طعمًا ومذاقًا حلوًا، وقد يتخمر بعد ذلك ويصبح مسكرًا.
الحديث قاعدة في تحريم جميع أنواع المسكرات كالخمر والحشيشة وغيرها.
أهمية السؤال عن ما يحتاج إليه المسلم.
كان أول ما حرمت الخمر عند حضور وقت الصلاة لما صلى بعض المهاجرين وقرأ في صلاته فخلط في قراءته؛ فنزل قوله تعالى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى حَتَّى تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ} [النساء: 43]. وكان منادي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ينادي: لا يقرب الصلاةَ سكران. ثم إن الله حرمها على الإطلاق بقوله: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ 90 إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ} [المائدة: 90، 91].
أن الله تعالى حرَّم الخمر لما تشتمل عليه من الأضرار والمفاسد العظيمة.
العبرة في التحريم وجود صفة الإسكار؛ فإذا اتصف النبيذ بالإسكار فهو محرم، وإذا لم يتصف بالإسكار فهو مباح.
"Every intoxicant is Khamr (alcoholic drink), and every intoxicant is prohibited. Whoever drinks Khamr in this world and dies while being addicted to it without repenting will not drink it in the Hereafter."
