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Sahih al-BukhariMerits of the Helpers in Madinah (Ansaar)

Abu Bakr As-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with him) had a slave who used to give him a portion of his daily income as the master's share. Abu Bakr used to eat the food bought with that share

Chapter: The days of Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance

Authentic hadith of Sahih al-Bukhari Companion’s words (mawquf) Sahih al-Bukhari 3842

Narrator:Ā’ishah

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَخِي، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ قَالَتْ

كَانَ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ غُلاَمٌ يُخْرِجُ لَهُ الْخَرَاجَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَرَاجِهِ، فَجَاءَ يَوْمًا بِشَىْءٍ فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْغُلاَمُ تَدْرِي مَا هَذَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَمَا هُوَ قَالَ كُنْتُ تَكَهَّنْتُ لإِنْسَانٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَمَا أُحْسِنُ الْكِهَانَةَ، إِلاَّ أَنِّي خَدَعْتُهُ، فَلَقِيَنِي فَأَعْطَانِي بِذَلِكَ، فَهَذَا الَّذِي أَكَلْتَ مِنْهُ‏.‏ فَأَدْخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَهُ فَقَاءَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ فِي بَطْنِهِ‏.‏

‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: Abu Bakr As-Siddīq (may Allah be pleased with him) had a slave who used to give him a portion of his daily income as the master's share. Abu Bakr used to eat the food bought with that share. Once he brought him some food and Abu Bakr ate from it. The slave then said: "Do you know what this is?" Abu Bakr said: "What is it?" The slave said: "I did some soothsaying for a man before I embraced Islam, and I was not good at soothsaying but I deceived him. He met me and rewarded me for my work. That is what you have eaten from." Upon hearing this, Abu Bakr inserted his hand (in his mouth) and vomited all that was in his stomach.

Reported by Al-Bukhari (No. 3842).

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Explanation

This slave of Abu Bakr had an agreement with him to pay him a fixed levy everyday. One day, he offered him some food, and Abu Bakr ate from it. The slave then said to him, "Do you know what this is?" Abu Bakr said: "What is it?" He answered that it was a reward for soothsaying that he had done for a man before embracing Islam, and that he was not good at soothsaying but he deceived the man, who later met him and gave him a reward. The reward for soothsaying is unlawful, whether the soothsayer is good or bad at soothsaying. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the fee of soothsaying in a Hadīth reported by Abu Mas‘ūd al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him). So when the slave said that, Abu Bakr inserted his hand in his mouth and vomited everything he had eaten, so that he would not nourish himself with unlawful food. That money was unlawful because it was paid in return for an unlawful act, as the fee for a prohibited act is also prohibited.

Explanation in Arabic

هذا الغلام لأبي بكر قد خارجه على شيء معين يأتي به إليه كل يوم، وفي يوم من الأيام قدم هذا الغلام طعاماً لأبي بكر فأكله فقال: أتدري ما هذا ؟ قال: وما هو ؟ قال: هذا عوض عن أجرة كهانة تكهنت بها في الجاهلية وأنا لا أحسن الكهانة، لكني خدعت الرجل فلقيني فأعطاني إياها، وعوض الكهانة حرام، سواء كان الكاهن يحسن صنعة الكهانة أو لا يحسن لأن النبي -عليه الصلاة والسلام-: نهى عن حلوان الكاهن، أخرجه البخاري ومسلم.

فلما قال لأبي بكر هذه المقالة أدخل أبو بكر يده في فمه فقاء كل ما أكل وأخرجه من بطنه لئلا يتغذى بطنه بحرام وهذا مال حرام لأنه عوض عن حرام، فالأجرة على فعل الحرام حرام.

  • ورع أبي بكر الصديق –رضي الله عنه- وحرصه عدم دخول جوفه شيئاً محرماً، ولو لم يستفرغه لكان معذوراً لأن الإثم على الغلام ولأنه لم يكن يعلم.
  • جواز الأكل من خراج الغلام.
  • أبو بكر الصديق –رضي الله عنه- أول من قاء من الشبهات تحرجاً.

Classical commentary

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani — Fath al-Bari

قَوْله : ( حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل ) هُوَ اِبْن أَبِي أُوَيْس , وَأَخُوهُ أَبُو بَكْر عَبْد الْحَمِيد , وَيَحْيَى بْن سَعِيد هُوَ الْأَنْصَارِيّ , وَالْإِسْنَاد كُلّه مَدَنِيُّونَ , وَفِيهِ رِوَايَة الْقَرِين عَنْ الْقَرِين وَرِوَايَة الْأَكْبَر سِنًّا عَنْ الْأَصْغَر مِنْهُ يَحْيَى بْن سَعِيد عَنْ عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن الْقَاسِم , وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي " الشُّعَب " مِنْ طَرِيق جَعْفَر الْفِرْيَابِيّ عَنْ أَحْمَد بْن مُحَمَّد الْمُقَدِّمِيّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيل بْن أَبِي أُوَيْس بِهَذَا السَّنَد , لَكِنْ قَالَ فِيهِ عَنْ عُبَيْد بْن عُمَر بَدَل عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن الْقَاسِم , فَلَعَلَّ لِيَحْيَى بْن سَعِيد فِيهِ شَيْخَيْنِ. قَوْله : ( كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْر غُلَام ) لَمْ أَقِف عَلَى ا…

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Scholars’ grades

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Al-Bukharid. 256 AH Authenticصحيح The hadith صحيح البخاري No. 3842

Other versions

Not graded Riyad as-Salihin 593

Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) had a slave who brought him his earnings and Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) would eat from it. One day he brought him something and when Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) had eaten some of it, the slave asked him whether he knew where he had…

وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها، قالت‏:‏ كان لأبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه غلام يخرج له الخراج وكان أبو بكر يأكل من خراجه فجاء يوماً بشئ، فأكل منه أبو بكر، فقال له الغلام‏:‏ تدرى ما هذا‏؟‏ فقال أبو بكر‏:‏ ما هو‏؟‏ قال‏:‏ كنت…

Narrated by Ā’ishah

Authentic Mishkat al-Masabih 2786

Abu Bakr had a slave who brought him his earnings and Abu Bakr would eat* some of his earnings. One day he brought him something and when Abu Bakr had eaten some of it the slave asked him whether he knew what it was. Abu Bakr asked what it was, and he replied, "I acted as a soothsayer for a man in…

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ غُلَامٌ يُخْرِّجُ لَهُ الْخَرَاجَ فَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَرَاجِهِ فَجَاءَ يَوْمًا بشيءٍ فأكلَ مِنْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ…

Narrated by Ā’ishah

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