حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ـ رضى الله عنه ـ حَرَّقَ قَوْمًا، فَبَلَغَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ لَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَا لَمْ أُحَرِّقْهُمْ، لأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ "
لاَ تُعَذِّبُوا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ ". وَلَقَتَلْتُهُمْ كَمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ "
‘Ikrimah reported:
‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) burned some people, and this news reached Ibn ‘Abbās, who said: Had I been in his place, I would not have burned them, as the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not punish (anybody) with Allah's punishment." No doubt, I would have killed them, for the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever changes his religion, kill him."
Reported by Al-Bukhari (No. 3017, 6922), Abu Dawud (No. 4351), An-Nasa’i (No. 4059, 4060, 4061, 4062, 4064, 4065), Ibn Majah (No. 2535) and Ahmad (No. 1775, 2813).
‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) exercised his judgment and burned with fire a group of heretics who had apostatized from Islam. When this reached ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), he agreed with him on killing them but disapproved of burning them with fire. And he said: If I were in his place, I would not have burned them with fire, for the Prophet (ﷺ) made clear that no one punishes with fire except Allah, the Lord of the fire. It is sufficient to kill them, for the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Whoever apostatizes from Islam and changes his religion to another, kill him.
Lessons
The killing of one who apostatizes from Islam is obligatory according to the consensus of scholars—subject to its conditions—and it is to be carried out only by the ruler or the judicial authority.
His words: "Whoever changes his religion, kill him", i.e., whoever apostatizes from Islam—a general ruling that applies to both men and women.
An apostate is not allowed to remain in his apostasy; rather, he is invited to return to Islam, and if he does not accept, he has to be killed.
This Hadīth prohibits punishment by fire, and it indicates that legal punishments must not be carried out using fire.
The virtue of Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) and the vastness of his knowledge and his deep understanding of the Prophet's Hadīths.
It contains a lesson on observing proper manners when correcting someone who is mistaken.
Explanation in Arabic
اجتهد علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه فحرّق بالنار قومًا من الزنادقة المرتدين عن الإسلام، فبلغ عبدَ الله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما ذلك، فأيَّده على قتلهم؛ لكن أنكر تحريقَهم بالنار.
وقال: لو كنت مكانه لما أحرقتهم بالنار؛ لأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم بين أنه لا يُعذِّب بالنار إلا الله رب النار، ولكن يكفي قتلهم حيث قال صلى الله عليه وسلم: من ارتد عن الإسلام وبدل دينه لدين آخر فاقتلوه.
وجوب قتل المرتد عن دين الإسلام بإجماع أهل العلم، وذلك بشروطه، ولا يفعل ذلك إلا الإمام والحاكم.
قوله: "من بدَّل دينه، فاقتلوه" أي: من ارتد عن الإسلام: حكمٌ عامٌّ للرجال والنساء.
المرتد لا يُقرُّ على ردته بل يُدعى إلى الإسلام، فإن لم يجب قُتِلَ.
في هذا الحديث النهي عن التعذيب بالنار، وأن الحدود لا تستوفى بالنار.
فضل ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما، وسعة علمه وفقهه بأحاديث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم.
لاَ تُعَذِّبُوا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ " . وَكُنْتُ قَاتِلَهُمْ بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ " . فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ…
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ غَيَّرَ دِينَهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ " . وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِيمَا…
