You will come to a people of the Scripture. When you reach them, invite them to testify that none is worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah
Chapter: Zakat should be taken from the rich and given to the poor
Authentic
hadith of Sahih al-Bukhari
Sahih al-Bukhari 1496
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported:
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said to Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal as he was sending him to Yemen: "You will come to a people of the Scripture. When you reach them, invite them to testify that none is worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, tell them that Allah has enjoined on them five prayers every day and night. If they obey you in that, tell them that Allah has enjoined Zakah on them, to be taken from the rich amongst them and given to the poor amongst them. If they obey you in that, beware of taking their best properties; and fear the invocation of an oppressed person, for there is no barrier between his invocation and Allah.”
Reported by Al-Bukhari (No. 1496, 1395, 4347), Abu Dawud (No. 1584), At-Tirmidhi (No. 625), An-Nasa’i (No. 2435, 2522), Ibn Majah (No. 1783), Ahmad (No. 1967) and Ad-Darimi (No. 1563).
When the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) to Yemen to call its people to Allah and teach them, he clarified to him that he would meet Christian people and that he should first call them to what is more important and then to what is less important, and so on. He should first call them to reform their creed by testifying that none is worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. This is because they enter Islam with this testimony. If they complied with that, he should then enjoin them to establish the prayer, for it is the most important obligation after the testimony of Tawhīd (monotheistic belief). If they established the prayer, he should then order the rich amongst them to pay Zakah on their property to the poor amongst them. Thereafter, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) warned him not to take their best property; instead, it is required to adopt a moderate approach in this regard. Then, he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) instructed him to avoid oppression, lest an oppressed person might supplicate to Allah against him, as his supplication is readily answered.
Lessons
The testimony that none is worthy of worship except Allah means that we should devote worship to Allah Almighty alone and shun the worship of all other things.
The testimony that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah means to have faith in him and what he came with, to believe in him, and to believe that he is the last Messenger sent by Allah to all humankind.
Speaking to a knowledgeable person or someone with certain misconceptions differs from speaking to an ignorant one. Hence, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) alerted Mu‘ādh with his words: "You will come to a people of the Scripture."
It is important for a Muslim to have proper knowledge of his religion to get rid of the misconceptions of those who raise them.
It demonstrates the invalidity of the religion of the Jews and the Christians after the mission of Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and that they are not among the people who will attain salvation on the Day of Judgment unless they enter the religion of Islam and believe in the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him).
Explanation in Arabic
لما أَرسلَ النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم معاذَ بن جبل رضي الله عنه إلى بلاد اليمن داعيًا إلى الله ومُعلِّمًا، بَيَّنَ له أنه سيواجه قومًا من النصارى؛ ليكون على استعداد لهم، ثم ليبدأ في دعوتهم بالأهم فالأهم، فيدعوهم إلى إصلاح العقيدة أولًا؛ بأن يشهدوا أن لا إله إلا الله، وأن محمدا رسول الله؛ لأنهم بها يدخلون الإسلام، فإذا انقادوا لذلك أمرهم بإقام الصلاة؛ لأنها أعظم الواجبات بعد التوحيد، فإذا أقاموها أمر أغنياءهم بدفع زكاة أموالهم إلى فقرائهم.
ثم حذّره من أخذ أفضل المال؛ لأن الواجب الوسط.
ثم أوصاه باجتناب الظلم؛ لئلا يدعو عليه المظلوم، فإن دعوته مستجابة.
معنى شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله هو إفراد الله بالعبادة، وترك عبادة ما سواه.
معنى شهادة أن محمدًا رسول الله هو الإيمان به وبما جاء به وتصديقه وأنه آخر رسل الله إلى البشرية.
مخاطبة العالِم ومَن لديه شُبهات ليست كمخاطبة الجاهل؛ لذا نَبَّه معاذًا بقوله: "إنك تأتي قومًا أهل كتاب".
أهمية أن يكون المسلم على بصيرة من دينه؛ ليَتَخلَّص من شُبهات المشبِّهين، وذلك بطلب العلم.
بطلان دين اليهود والنصارى بعد بعثة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأنهم ليسوا من أهل النجاة يوم القيامة حتى يدخلوا في دين الإسلام، ويؤمنوا بالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم.
"ادعهم إلى شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله وأني رسول الله، فإن هم أطاعوا لذلك فأعلمهم أن الله تعالى افترض عليهم خمس صلوات في كل يوم وليلة، فإن هم أطاعوا لذلك فأعلمهم أن الله افترض عليهم صدقة تؤخذ من أغنيائهم، وترد على…
"إنك تأتي قومًا من أهل الكتاب، فادعهم إلى شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله وأني رسول الله، فإن هم أطاعوا لذلك، فأعلمهم أن الله تعالى افترض عليهم خمس صلوات في كل يوم وليلة، فإن هم أطاعوا لذلك، فأعلمهم أن الله تعالى افترض عليهم…
