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Sunan Abu DawudGeneral Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab)

I said: O Messenger of Allah, to whom should I be dutiful? he said: "Your mother, then your mother, then your mother, then your father, then the next in nearness and so on

Chapter: Regarding honoring one's parents

Differing grades 4 scholars’ grades Sunan Abu Dawud 5139

Narrator:Mu‘āwiya al-Qushayrī

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ بَهْزِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ أَبَرُّ قَالَ ‏"‏ أُمَّكَ ثُمَّ أُمَّكَ ثُمَّ أُمَّكَ ثُمَّ أَبَاكَ ثُمَّ الأَقْرَبَ فَالأَقْرَبَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏

لاَ يَسْأَلُ رَجُلٌ مَوْلاَهُ مِنْ فَضْلٍ هُوَ عِنْدَهُ فَيَمْنَعُهُ إِيَّاهُ إِلاَّ دُعِيَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَضْلُهُ الَّذِي مَنَعَهُ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ ‏"

Bahz ibn Hakīm reported from his father from his grandfather that he said:

I said: O Messenger of Allah, to whom should I be dutiful? he said: "Your mother, then your mother, then your mother, then your father, then the next in nearness and so on."

Reported by Abu Dawud (No. 5139), An-Nasa’i (No. 2566) and Ahmad (No. 19179, 19192).

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Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that the person most deserving of dutifulness, kindness, good treatment, pleasant companionship, and maintenance of ties with is the mother. He emphasized the mother’s right over others by repeating it three times to highlight her superiority over all people without exception. Then he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said, clarifying who comes next to her in terms of dutifulness: Then the father, then the next in nearness and so on from among the relatives, and the closer they are, the more deserving they are of maintaining ties than those who are farther away.

Lessons

  • The Hadīth implies that the mother comes first, then the father, then the next in nearness according to their degree of nearness.
  • Pointing out the parents' status, especially that of the mother.
  • He repeated in the Hadīth the importance of being dutiful to the mother three times due to the great favor her children owe to her and the many hardships, fatigue, and difficulties she endures: such as pregnancy, then childbirth and nursing, which are unique to the mother. She then shares in the upbringing with the father.

Explanation in Arabic

بَيَّنَ النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أنَّ أولى الناس بالبر به، والإحسان إليه، وحسن المعاملة، وطيب المعاشرة، ومصاحبته وصلته: هي الأم، وأكَّد حق الأم على غيرها بتكراره ثلاث مرات؛ لبيان فضلها على سائر الناس دون استثناء.

ثم قال صلى الله عليه وسلم مبينًا من يليها في البر: ثم الأب، ثم الأقرب فالأقرب من ذوي الأرحام، وكلما كان أقرب كان أولى بالصلة من الأبعد.

  • الحديث فيه تقديم الأم، ثم الأب، ثم الأقرب فالأقرب، على حسب درجاتهم في القرب.
  • بيان مكانة الوالدين والأم خصوصًا.
  • كرَّر في الحديث البر بالأم ثلاثًا؛ وذلك لعِظم فضلها على أولادها، ولكثرة ما تتحمله من مشاق وتعب وصعوبة الحمل، ثم الوضع، ثم الرضاع، والتي تنفرد بها الأم، ثم تشارك الأب في التربية.

Classical commentary

Al-Azimabadi — Awn al-Ma'bud

( عَنْ بَهْز بْن حَكِيم عَنْ أَبِيهِ ) : أَيْ حَكِيم ( عَنْ جَدّه ) : أَيْ جَدّ بَهْز وَهُوَ مُعَاوِيَة اِبْن حَيْدَة ( مَنْ أَبَرّ ) : بِفَتْحِ الْمُوَحَّدَة وَتَشْدِيد الرَّاء عَلَى صِيغَة الْمُتَكَلِّم أَيْ مَنْ أُحْسِن إِلَيْهِ وَمَنْ أَصِلهُ ( قَالَ أُمّك ) : بِالنَّصْبِ أَيْ بِرَّ أُمّك وَصِلْهَا أَوَّلًا ( ثُمَّ الْأَقْرَب فَالْأَقْرَب ) : أَيْ إِلَى آخِر ذَوِي الْأَرْحَام ( لَا يَسْأَل رَجُل مَوْلَاهُ ) : أَيْ مُعْتَقه بِفَتْحِ التَّاء أَوْ الْمُرَاد بِالْمَوْلَى الْقَرِيب أَيْ ذُو الْقُرْبَى وَذُو الْأَرْحَام وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم ( مِنْ فَضْل ) : أَيْ الْمَال الْفَاضِل مِنْ الْحَاجَة ( فَيَمْنَعهُ إِيَّاهُ ) : أَيْ لَا يُعْطِي الْمَوْلَى الْفَضْل الرَّجُل , فَالضَّمِير الْمَرْفُوع لِلْ…

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Scholars’ grades

The 4 scholars cited do not give the same grade: each one is shown below.

ScholarGradeApplies toWork
Al-Albanid. 1420 AH AuthenticHasan Sahih حسن صحيح The hadith No. 5139
Zubair Ali Zaid. 1435 AH Good (hasan)Hasan The hadith No. 5139
Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamidd. 1392 AH AuthenticHasan Sahih The hadith No. 5139
Abu Dawudd. 275 AH سكت عنه [وقد قال في رسالته لأهل مكة كل ما سكت عنه فهو صالح The hadith سنن أبي داود No. 5139
Grades of other versions (4)
  • Good (hasan)Al-Albani حسن — صحيح الجامع (7709)
  • Good (hasan)Al-Albani حسن — صحيح الترغيب (895)
  • AuthenticShu'ayb al-Arna'ut صحيح لغيره — تخريج سنن أبي داود (5139)
  • Al-Mundhiri لا ينزل عن درجة الحسن وقد يكون على شرط الصحيحين أو أحدهما — الترغيب والترهيب (2/72)

Other versions

Differing grades Sunan an-Nasa'i 2566

"No man comes to his Mawla and asks him for something from the surplus of what he has, and he withholds it from him, but on the Day of Resurrection a bald-headed Shuja'a [1] will be called to him and will be licking the surplus that he withheld."

"‏ لاَ يَأْتِي رَجُلٌ مَوْلاَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ مِنْ فَضْلٍ عِنْدَهُ فَيَمْنَعُهُ إِيَّاهُ إِلاَّ دُعِيَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعٌ أَقْرَعُ يَتَلَمَّظُ فَضْلَهُ الَّذِي مَنَعَ ‏"

Narrated by Mu‘āwiya al-Qushayrī

Also reported by… (4)
  • السنن الكبرى للبيهقي (7173)لا يَأْتِي رَجُلٌ مَوْلاهُ فَيَسْأَلَهُ مِنْ فَضْلٍ هُوَ عِنْدَهُ ، فَيَمْنَعَهُ إِيَّاهُ ، إِلا دُعِيَ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ يَتَلَمَّظُ فَضْلَهُ الَّذِي مَنْعَ
  • السنن الكبرى للنسائي (2330)لا يَأْتِي رَجُلٌ مَوْلاهُ يَسْأَلُهُ مِنْ فَضْلٍ عِنْدَهُ فَيَمْنَعُهُ إِيَّاهُ ، إِلا دُعِيَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعٌ أَقْرَعُ يَتَلَمَّظُ فَضْلَهُ الَّذِي مَنَعَ
  • تهذيب الآثار للطبري (153)لا يَأْتِي رَجُلٌ مَوْلاهُ فَيَسْأَلُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِ مَالِهِ عِنْدَهُ ، فَيَمْنَعُهُ إِيَّاهُ ، إِلا دُعِيَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعًا يَتَلَمَّظُ فَضْلَهُ الَّذِي مَنَعَ
  • شعب الإيمان للبيهقي (3115)لا يَأْتِي رَجُلٌ مَوْلاهُ فَيَسْأَلَهُ مِنْ فَضْلٍ هُوَ عِنْدَهُ فَيَمْنَعُهُ إِيَّاهُ إِلا دُعِيَ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ يَتَلَمَّظُ فَضَّلَهُ الَّذِي مَنَعَ

On the same subject

Not graded Mishkat al-Masabih 1791

He reported God’s messenger as saying, “The treasure of one of you on the day of resurrection will be a large bald snake from which he will flee, but it will keep following after him till he gives it his fingers to eat." Ahmad transmitted it.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «يَكُونُ كَنْزُ أَحَدِكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ يَفِرُّ مِنْهُ صَاحِبُهُ وَهُوَ يَطْلُبُهُ…

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No owner of gold or silver who does not pay what is due on it except that on the Day of Judgment they will be made for him sheets of fire

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the Messenger of Allah said: “There is no now owner of camels, sheeps or cattle who does not pay Zakat on them, but they will come on the Day of Resurrection as big and as fat as they ever were, butting him with their horns and trampling him with their hooves. Every time the of them has passed, the…

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مَنْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالاً، فَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ زَكَاتَهُ مُثِّلَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ، لَهُ زَبِيبَتَانِ، يُطَوَّقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ بِلِهْزِمَتَيْهِ ـ يَعْنِي شِدْقَيْهِ ـ ثُمَّ…

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