حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى الرَّازِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رضى الله عنها أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو بِهَؤُلاَءِ الْكَلِمَاتِ "
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to say the following supplications: “O Allah, verily I seek refuge in You from the trial of the Fire, the torment of the Fire, and from the evil of affluence and poverty.”
Reported by Abu Dawud (No. 1543, 1550), Al-Bukhari (No. 6368, 6375, 6376, 6377), Muslim (No. 589b, 589c, 2716a, 2716b, 2716d), At-Tirmidhi (No. 3495), An-Nasa’i (No. 61, 333, 1307, 5466, 5477, 5523, 5524, 5525), Ibn Majah (No. 3838, 3839) and Ahmad (No. 23166, 23543, 23933, 24545, 24601, 25008, 25164, 25167).
The noble Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge in Allah from four things. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “O Allah, verily I seek refuge in You from the trial of the Fire", which means a trial that leads to Hellfire, so that there would be no repetition in the supplication. Trial of the Fire could also mean the question that keepers of the Fire ask to reproach the inmates of Hell. This question was referred to in the verse in which Allah, the Almighty, says: {Every time a company is thrown into it, its keepers ask them: "Did there not come to you a warner?"} [Sūrat al-Mulk: 8] “Torment of the Fire”, means I seek refuge in You that I become one of the inhabitants of the Fire. These are the disbelievers who will be tormented in the Fire. The monotheists, however, will be disciplined and refined by the Fire, not tormented by it. “Torment in the grave”, the grave is the transitory abode where one is placed after death. The word 'grave' is particularly used because this is what commonly happens to people when they die; otherwise, any place where one’s body rests after death is considered one's grave. “Trial of the grave”, refers to the confusion one experiences in answering the two angels. "From the evil trial of affluence", refers to arrogance, tyranny, gaining wealth unlawfully, spending it in disobedience, and boasting of wealth and fame. “From the evil trial of poverty”, refers to envy towards the wealthy, coveting their wealth, and self-abasement by doing what brings disgrace to one's dignity and saps one's religion. Trial of poverty also includes lack of contentment with what Allah portioned for man and other things that could lead to an undesirable end. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge from the trial of affluence because it motivates man to collect money from unlawful channels and withhold what is required to be spent and given away. What is meant by the trial of poverty is the poverty in which man cannot show patience or religious prudence. This kind of poverty will cause man to behave improperly, not caring what ill-gotten money he gains.
Explanation in Arabic
كان النبي المختار -عليه الصلاة والسلام- يستعيذ من أمور أربعة:
فقوله: (اللهم إني أعوذ بك من فتنة النار) أي فتنة تؤدي إلى النار، ويحتمل أن يراد بفتنة النار سؤال الخَزَنَة على سبيل التوبيخ، وإليه الإشارة بقوله تعالى: (كلما ألقي فيها فوج سألهم خزنتها ألم يأتكم نذير).
وقوله: (وعذاب النار) أي أعوذ بك من أن أكون من أهل النار، وهم الكفار فإنهم هم المعذبون، وأما الموحدون فإنهم مؤدبون ومهذبون بالنار لا معذبون بها.
(ومن شر الغنى): وهو البطر والطغيان وتحصيل المال من الحرام وصرفه في العصيان، والتفاخر بالمال والجاه والحرص على جمع المال وأن يكسبه من غير حله ويمنعه من إنفاقه في حقوقه.
و(الفقر) أي وشر الفقر، وهو الفقر الذي لا يصحبه صبر ولا ورع؛ حتى يتورط صاحبه بسببه فيما لا يليق بأهل الدين والمروءة، ويصحبه الحسد على الأغنياء والطمع في أموالهم والتذلل بما يدنس العِرْض والدين وعدم الرضا بما قسم الله له وغير ذلك مما لا تحمد عاقبته.
وجوب الابتعاد عن الفتن المسببة للابتلاء بالنار.
يبتلى العبد بالغنى كما يبتلى بالفقر؛ لأنهما فتنة.
الابتعاد عن الأسباب المهلكة المترتبة على فتنة الغنى كالبطر والكبر والحرص على جمع المال من الحرام ، والبخل بأداء حق الله تعالى فيه.
الابتعاد عن الأسباب المهلكة المترتبة على فتنة الفقر، كالتضجر، والتبرم من مقدر، والوقوع في المساخط والحسد.
الاستعاذة بالله من النار تستلزم الابتعاد عن جميع ما يسخط الله تعالى ، والفرار من المعاصي والخطايا ، والتزام الاستغفار والتوبة والتضرع إلى الله.
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to say the following supplication: "Allāuhumma inni a‘ūdhu bika min ‘adhāb al-qabr, wa min ‘adhāb an-nār, wa min fitnat al-mahya wa al-mamāt, wa min fitnat al-masīh ad-dajjāl (O Allah, I seek refuge with You from the…
Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I did not hear it from the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) but Zayd ibn Thābit reported it to me, as he said: "We were with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in a garden belonging to Banu…
